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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>GlueGen Code Generator</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2><i>JogAmp GlueGen</i> Code Generator</h2>
<h4>GlueGen Data Type Mapping</h4>
Gluegen has build-in types (terminal symbols) for:<br/>
<br/>
<table border="1">
<tr><th>type</th> <th>java bits</th> <th colspan="2">native bits</th> <th>type</th> <th>signed</th> <th>origin</th></tr>
<tr><th></th> <th></th> <th>x32</th> <th>x64</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th></tr>
<tr><td>void</td> <td> 0</td> <td> 0</td> <td> 0</td> <td>void</td> <td>void</td> <td>ANSI-C</td></tr>
<tr><td>char</td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td> <td>integer</td><td>any</td> <td>ANSI-C</td></tr>
<tr><td>short</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>integer</td><td>any</td> <td>ANSI-C</td></tr>
<tr><td>int</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>integer</td><td>any</td> <td>ANSI-C</td></tr>
<tr><td>long</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td><b>32<sup>1</sup></b></td> <td>integer</td><td>any</td> <td>ANSI-C - Windows</td></tr>
<tr><td>long</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td><b>64</b></td> <td>integer</td><td>any</td> <td>ANSI-C - Unix</td></tr>
<tr><td>float</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>float</td> <td>signed</td> <td>ANSI-C</td></tr>
<tr><td>double</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>double</td> <td>signed</td> <td>ANSI-C</td></tr>
<tr><td>__int32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>integer</td><td>any</td> <td>windows</td></tr>
<tr><td>__int64</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>integer</td><td>any</td> <td>windows</td></tr>
<tr><td>int8_t</td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td> <td>integer</td><td>signed</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>uint8_t</td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td> <td>integer</td><td>unsigned</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>int16_t</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>integer</td><td>signed</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>uint16_t</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>integer</td><td>unsigned</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>int32_t</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>integer</td><td>signed</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>uint32_t</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>integer</td><td>unsigned</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>int64_t</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>integer</td><td>signed</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>uint64_t</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>integer</td><td>unsigned</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>intptr_t</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>integer</td><td>signed</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>uintptr_t</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>integer</td><td>unsigned</td> <td>stdint.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>ptrdiff_t</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>integer</td><td>signed</td> <td>stddef.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>size_t</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>integer</td><td>unsigned</td> <td>stddef.h</td></tr>
<tr><td>wchar_t</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>integer</td><td>signed</td> <td>stddef.h</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
<b>Warning:</b> Try to avoid unspecified bit sized types, especially <b>long</b>, since it differs on Unix and Windows!<br/>
<b>Notes:</b>
<ol>
<li>Type <b>long</b> will result in broken code on Windows, since we don't differentiate the OS and it's bit size is ambiguous.</li>
<li>Anonymous void-pointer <i>void*</i> are mapped to NIO <i>Buffer</i>.</li>
<li>Pointers to pointer-size types like <i>intptr_t*</i>, <i>uintptr_t*</i>, <i>ptrdiff_t*</i> and <i>size_t*</i> are mapped to <i>PointerBuffer</i>,
to reflect the architecture depending storage size.</li>
</ol>
</p>
<h4>GlueGen Internal Alignment for Compound Data</h4>
In general, depending on CPU and it's configuration (OS), alignment is set up
for each type (char, short, int, long, ..).
<p>Compounds (structures) are aligned naturally, i.e. their inner components are aligned<br>
and are itself aligned to it's largest element.</p>
See:<br>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure_alignment">Wikipedia Data Structure Alignment</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure_alignment#Data_structure_padding">Wikipedia Data Structure Alignment - Padding</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.viva64.com/en/l/0021/">Viva64 Data Alignment</a></li>
<li><a href="http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/64bitPorting/transition/transition.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001064-CH207-SW1">Apple: Darwin 64bit Porting - Data Type Size & Alignment</a></li>
</ul>
<h5>Simple alignment arithmetic</h5>
Modulo operation, where the 2nd handles the case offset == alignment:
<blockquote>
padding = ( alignment - ( offset % alignment ) ) % alignment ; <br>
aligned_offset = offset + padding ;
</blockquote>
Optimization utilizing alignment as a multiple of 2 <code>-> x % 2n == x & ( 2n - 1 )</code><br>
<blockquote>
remainder = offset & ( alignment - 1 ) ; <br>
padding = ( remainder > 0 ) ? alignment - remainder : 0 ;<br>
aligned_offset = offset + padding ;
</blockquote>
Without branching, using the 2nd modulo operation for the case offset == alignment:
<blockquote>
padding = ( alignment - ( offset & ( alignment - 1 ) ) ) & ( alignment - 1 ) ;<br>
aligned_offset = offset + padding ;
</blockquote>
See <code>com.jogamp.gluegen.cgram.types.SizeThunk.align(..)</code>.
<h5>Type Size & Alignment for x86, x86_64, armv6l-32bit-eabi and Window(mingw/mingw64)</h5>
Runtime query is implemented as follows:
<pre>
typedef struct {
char fill; // nibble one byte
// padding to align s1: padding_0
type_t s1; //
} test_struct_type_t;
padding_0 = sizeof(test_struct_type_t) - sizeof(type_t) - sizeof(char) ;
alignmentOf(type_t) = sizeof(test_struct_type_t) - sizeof(type_t) ;
</pre>
<table border="1">
<tr><th>type</th> <th colspan="2">32 bits</th><th colspan="2">64 bits</th></tr>
<tr><th></th> <th>size</th><th>alignment</th><th>size</th><th>alignment</th></tr>
<tr><td>char</td> <td> 1</td> <td> 1</td> <td> 1</td> <td> 1</td></tr>
<tr><td>short</td> <td> 2</td> <td> 2</td> <td> 2</td> <td> 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>int</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>float</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 4</td></tr>
<tr><td>long</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 8<sup>†</sup>,4<sup>∗</sup></td> <td> 8<sup>†</sup>,4<sup>∗</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td>pointer</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 4</td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td></tr>
<tr><td>long long</td> <td> 8</td> <td>4<sup>†</sup>,8<sup>∗</sup><sup>+</sup></td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td></tr>
<tr><td>double</td> <td> 8</td> <td>4<sup>†</sup>,8<sup>∗</sup><sup>+</sup></td> <td> 8</td> <td> 8</td></tr>
<tr><td>long double</td><td>12<sup>†</sup><sup>∗</sup>,8<sup>+</sup>,16<sup>-</sup></td> <td>4<sup>†</sup><sup>∗</sup>,8<sup>+</sup>,16<sup>-</sup></td> <td> 16</td> <td>16</td></tr>
</table><br>
<sup>†</sup> Linux, Darwin<br>
<sup>+</sup>armv7l-eabi<br>
<sup>-</sup> MacOsX-32bit-gcc4<br>
<sup>∗</sup> Windows<br>
</P>
<h4>GlueGen Platform Header Files</h4>
GlueGen provides convenient platform headers,<br/>
which can be included in your C header files for native compilation and GlueGen code generation.<br/>
<br/>
Example:<br/>
<pre>
#include <gluegen_stdint.h>
#include <gluegen_stddef.h>
uint64_t test64;
size_t size1;
ptrdiff_t ptr1;
</pre>
<br/>
To compile this file you have to include the following folder to your compilers system includes, ie <code>-I</code>:<br/>
<pre>
gluegen/make/stub_includes/platform
</pre>
<br>
To generate code for this file you have to include the following folder to your GlueGen <code>includeRefid</code> element:<br>
<pre>
gluegen/make/stub_includes/gluegen
</pre>
<h4>GlueGen Pre-Defined Macros</h4>
To identity a GlueGen code generation run, GlueGen defines the following macros:<br/>
<pre>
#define __GLUEGEN__ 2
</pre>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>
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