Merged JSR-231 branch on to the main JOGL trunk. The main trunk now

contains the evolving JSR-231 Reference Implementation and the JSR-231
branch is permanently closed.


git-svn-id: file:///usr/local/projects/SUN/JOGL/git-svn/svn-server-sync/jogl/trunk@401 232f8b59-042b-4e1e-8c03-345bb8c30851

1 files changed, 1550 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/classes/com/sun/gluegen/JavaEmitter.java b/src/classes/com/sun/gluegen/JavaEmitter.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24687d36f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/classes/com/sun/gluegen/JavaEmitter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1550 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ * 
+ * - Redistribution of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 
+ * - Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN
+ * MICROSYSTEMS, INC. ("SUN") AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR
+ * DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR
+ * ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE
+ * DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+ * SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+ * 
+ * You acknowledge that this software is not designed or intended for use
+ * in the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear
+ * facility.
+ * 
+ * Sun gratefully acknowledges that this software was originally authored
+ * and developed by Kenneth Bradley Russell and Christopher John Kline.
+ */
+
+package com.sun.gluegen;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+
+import com.sun.gluegen.cgram.types.*;
+
+// PROBLEMS:
+//  - what if something returns 'const int *'? Could we
+//    return an IntBuffer that has read-only behavior? Or do we copy the array
+//    (but we don't know its size!). What do we do if it returns a non-const
+//    int*? Should the user be allowed to write back to the returned pointer?
+//
+//  - Non-const array types must be properly released with JNI_COMMIT
+//    in order to see side effects if the array was copied.
+
+
+public class JavaEmitter implements GlueEmitter {
+  private StructLayout layout;
+  private TypeDictionary typedefDictionary;
+  private TypeDictionary structDictionary;
+  private Map            canonMap;
+  private JavaConfiguration cfg;
+
+  /**
+   * Style of code emission. Can emit everything into one class
+   * (AllStatic), separate interface and implementing classes
+   * (InterfaceAndImpl), only the interface (InterfaceOnly), or only
+   * the implementation (ImplOnly).
+   */
+  public static final int ALL_STATIC = 1;
+  public static final int INTERFACE_AND_IMPL = 2;
+  public static final int INTERFACE_ONLY = 3;
+  public static final int IMPL_ONLY = 4;
+
+  /**
+   * Access control for emitted Java methods.
+   */
+  public static final int ACC_PUBLIC = 1;
+  public static final int ACC_PROTECTED = 2;
+  public static final int ACC_PRIVATE = 3;
+  public static final int ACC_PACKAGE_PRIVATE = 4;
+
+  private PrintWriter javaWriter; // Emits either interface or, in AllStatic mode, everything
+  private PrintWriter javaImplWriter; // Only used in non-AllStatic modes for impl class
+  private PrintWriter cWriter;
+  private MachineDescription machDesc;
+  
+  public void readConfigurationFile(String filename) throws Exception {
+    cfg = createConfig();
+    cfg.read(filename);
+  }
+
+  public void setMachineDescription(MachineDescription md) {
+    machDesc = md;
+  }
+
+  public void beginEmission(GlueEmitterControls controls) throws IOException
+  {
+    try
+    {
+      openWriters();
+    }
+    catch (Exception e)
+    {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Unable to open files for writing", e);
+    }
+    
+    emitAllFileHeaders();
+
+    // Request emission of any structs requested
+    for (Iterator iter = cfg.forcedStructs().iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+      controls.forceStructEmission((String) iter.next());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void endEmission()
+  {
+    emitAllFileFooters();
+
+    try
+    {
+      closeWriters();
+    }
+    catch (Exception e)
+    {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Unable to close open files", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void beginDefines() throws Exception
+  {
+    if (cfg.allStatic() || cfg.emitInterface()) {
+      javaWriter().println();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void emitDefine(String name, String value, String optionalComment) throws Exception
+  {
+    if (cfg.allStatic() || cfg.emitInterface()) {
+      // TODO: Some defines (e.g., GL_DOUBLE_EXT in gl.h) are defined in terms
+      // of other defines -- should we emit them as references to the original
+      // define (not even sure if the lexer supports this)? Right now they're
+      // emitted as the numeric value of the original definition. If we decide
+      // emit them as references we'll also have to emit them in the correct
+      // order. It's probably not an issue right now because the emitter
+      // currently only emits only numeric defines -- if it handled #define'd
+      // objects it would make a bigger difference.
+ 
+      if (!cfg.shouldIgnore(name)) {
+        String type = null;
+
+        // FIXME: need to handle when type specifier is in last char (e.g.,
+        // "1.0d or 2759L", because parseXXX() methods don't allow the type
+        // specifier character in the string.
+        //
+        //char lastChar = value.charAt(value.length()-1);
+        
+        try {
+          // see if it's a long or int
+          int radix;
+          String parseValue;
+          // FIXME: are you allowed to specify hex/octal constants with
+          // negation, e.g. "-0xFF" or "-056"? If so, need to modify the
+          // following "if(..)" checks and parseValue computation
+          if (value.startsWith("0x") || value.startsWith("0X")) {
+            radix = 16;
+            parseValue = value.substring(2);
+          }
+          else if (value.startsWith("0") && value.length() > 1) {
+            // TODO: is "0" the prefix in C to indicate octal???
+            radix = 8; 
+            parseValue = value.substring(1);
+          }
+          else {
+            radix = 10;
+            parseValue = value;
+          }
+          //System.err.println("parsing " + value + " as long w/ radix " + radix);
+          long longVal = Long.parseLong(parseValue, radix);
+          type = "long";
+          // if constant is small enough, store it as an int instead of a long
+          if (longVal > Integer.MIN_VALUE && longVal < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            type = "int";
+          }
+          
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+          try {
+            // see if it's a double or float
+            double dVal = Double.parseDouble(value);
+            type = "double";
+            // if constant is small enough, store it as a float instead of a double
+            if (dVal > Float.MIN_VALUE && dVal < Float.MAX_VALUE) {
+              type = "float";
+            }
+            
+          } catch (NumberFormatException e2) {            
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+              "Cannot emit define \""+name+"\": value \""+value+
+              "\" cannot be assigned to a int, long, float, or double", e2);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (type == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+              "Cannot emit define (2) \""+name+"\": value \""+value+
+              "\" cannot be assigned to a int, long, float, or double");
+        }
+        if (optionalComment != null && optionalComment.length() != 0) {
+          javaWriter().println("  /** " + optionalComment + " */");
+        }
+        javaWriter().println("  public static final " + type + " " + name + " = " + value + ";");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void endDefines() throws Exception
+  {
+  }
+
+  public void beginFunctions(TypeDictionary typedefDictionary,
+                             TypeDictionary structDictionary,
+                             Map            canonMap) throws Exception {
+    this.typedefDictionary = typedefDictionary;
+    this.structDictionary  = structDictionary;
+    this.canonMap          = canonMap;
+    if (cfg.allStatic() || cfg.emitInterface()) {
+      javaWriter().println();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public Iterator emitFunctions(List/*<FunctionSymbol>*/ originalCFunctions)
+    throws Exception {
+    // Sometimes headers will have the same function prototype twice, once
+    // with the argument names and once without. We'll remember the signatures
+    // we've already processed we don't generate duplicate bindings.
+    //
+    // Note: this code assumes that on the equals() method in FunctionSymbol
+    // only considers function name and argument types (i.e., it does not
+    // consider argument *names*) when comparing FunctionSymbols for equality    
+    Set funcsToBindSet = new HashSet(100);
+    for (Iterator cIter = originalCFunctions.iterator(); cIter.hasNext(); ) {
+      FunctionSymbol cFunc = (FunctionSymbol) cIter.next();
+      if (!funcsToBindSet.contains(cFunc)) {
+        funcsToBindSet.add(cFunc);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ArrayList funcsToBind = new ArrayList(funcsToBindSet.size());
+    funcsToBind.addAll(funcsToBindSet);
+    // sort functions to make them easier to find in native code
+    Collections.sort(
+      funcsToBind,
+      new Comparator() {
+          public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
+            return ((FunctionSymbol)o1).getName().compareTo(
+              ((FunctionSymbol)o2).getName());
+          }
+          public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            return obj.getClass() == this.getClass();
+          }
+        });
+
+    // Bind all the C funcs to Java methods
+    ArrayList/*<FunctionEmitter>*/ methodBindingEmitters = new ArrayList(2*funcsToBind.size());
+    for (Iterator iter = funcsToBind.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+      FunctionSymbol cFunc = (FunctionSymbol) iter.next();
+      // Check to see whether this function should be ignored
+      if (cfg.shouldIgnore(cFunc.getName())) {
+        continue; // don't generate bindings for this symbol
+      }
+      
+      List allBindings = generateMethodBindingEmitters(cFunc);
+      methodBindingEmitters.addAll(allBindings);
+    }
+
+    // Emit all the methods
+    for (int i = 0; i < methodBindingEmitters.size(); ++i) {
+      FunctionEmitter emitter = (FunctionEmitter)methodBindingEmitters.get(i);      
+      try {
+        emitter.emit();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            "Error while emitting binding for \"" + emitter.getName() + "\"", e);
+      }
+      emitter.getDefaultOutput().println(); // put newline after method body
+    }
+
+    // Return the list of FunctionSymbols that we generated gluecode for
+    return funcsToBind.iterator();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create the object that will read and store configuration information for
+   * this JavaEmitter.
+   */
+  protected JavaConfiguration createConfig() {
+    return new JavaConfiguration();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the configuration information for this JavaEmitter.
+   */
+  protected JavaConfiguration getConfig() {
+    return cfg;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates the public emitters for this MethodBinding which will
+   * produce either simply signatures (for the interface class, if
+   * any) or function definitions with or without a body (depending on
+   * whether or not the implementing function can go directly to
+   * native code because it doesn't need any processing of the
+   * outgoing arguments).
+   */
+  protected void generatePublicEmitters(MethodBinding binding,
+                                        List allEmitters,
+                                        boolean signatureOnly) {
+    PrintWriter writer = ((signatureOnly || cfg.allStatic()) ? javaWriter() : javaImplWriter());
+
+    if (cfg.manuallyImplement(binding.getName()) && !signatureOnly) {
+      // We only generate signatures for manually-implemented methods;
+      // user provides the implementation
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // It's possible we may not need a body even if signatureOnly is
+    // set to false; for example, if the routine doesn't take any
+    // arrays or buffers as arguments
+    boolean isUnimplemented = cfg.isUnimplemented(binding.getName());
+    List/*<String>*/ prologue = cfg.javaPrologueForMethod(binding, false, false);
+    List/*<String>*/ epilogue = cfg.javaEpilogueForMethod(binding, false, false);
+    boolean needsBody = (isUnimplemented ||
+                         (binding.needsNIOWrappingOrUnwrapping() ||
+                          binding.signatureUsesJavaPrimitiveArrays()) ||
+                         (prologue != null) ||
+                         (epilogue != null));
+
+    JavaMethodBindingEmitter emitter =
+      new JavaMethodBindingEmitter(binding,
+                                   writer,
+                                   cfg.runtimeExceptionType(),
+                                   !signatureOnly && needsBody,
+                                   false,
+                                   cfg.nioDirectOnly(binding.getName()),
+                                   false,
+                                   false,
+                                   false,
+                                   isUnimplemented);
+    switch (cfg.accessControl(binding.getName())) {
+      case ACC_PUBLIC:     emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.PUBLIC); break;
+      case ACC_PROTECTED:  emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.PROTECTED); break;
+      case ACC_PRIVATE:    emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.PRIVATE); break;
+      default: break; // package-private adds no modifiers
+    }
+    if (cfg.allStatic()) {
+      emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.STATIC);
+    }
+    if (!isUnimplemented && !needsBody && !signatureOnly) {
+      emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.NATIVE);
+    }
+    emitter.setReturnedArrayLengthExpression(cfg.returnedArrayLength(binding.getName()));
+    emitter.setPrologue(prologue);
+    emitter.setEpilogue(epilogue);
+    allEmitters.add(emitter);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates the private emitters for this MethodBinding. On the
+   * Java side these will simply produce signatures for native
+   * methods. On the C side these will create the emitters which will
+   * write the JNI code to interface to the functions. We need to be
+   * careful to make the signatures all match up and not produce too
+   * many emitters which would lead to compilation errors from
+   * creating duplicated methods / functions.
+   */
+  protected void generatePrivateEmitters(MethodBinding binding,
+                                         List allEmitters) {
+    if (cfg.manuallyImplement(binding.getName())) {
+      // Don't produce emitters for the implementation class
+      return;
+    }
+
+    boolean hasPrologueOrEpilogue =
+        ((cfg.javaPrologueForMethod(binding, false, false) != null) ||
+         (cfg.javaEpilogueForMethod(binding, false, false) != null));
+
+    // If we already generated a public native entry point for this
+    // method, don't emit another one
+    if (!cfg.isUnimplemented(binding.getName()) &&
+        (binding.needsNIOWrappingOrUnwrapping() ||
+         binding.signatureUsesJavaPrimitiveArrays() ||
+         hasPrologueOrEpilogue)) {
+      PrintWriter writer = (cfg.allStatic() ? javaWriter() : javaImplWriter());
+
+      // If the binding uses primitive arrays, we are going to emit
+      // the private native entry point for it along with the version
+      // taking only NIO buffers
+      if (!binding.signatureUsesJavaPrimitiveArrays()) {
+        // (Always) emit the entry point taking only direct buffers
+        JavaMethodBindingEmitter emitter =
+          new JavaMethodBindingEmitter(binding,
+                                       writer,
+                                       cfg.runtimeExceptionType(),
+                                       false,
+                                       true,
+                                       cfg.nioDirectOnly(binding.getName()),
+                                       true,
+                                       true,
+                                       false,
+                                       false);
+        emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.PRIVATE);
+        if (cfg.allStatic()) {
+          emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.STATIC);
+        }
+        emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.NATIVE);
+        emitter.setReturnedArrayLengthExpression(cfg.returnedArrayLength(binding.getName()));
+        allEmitters.add(emitter);
+
+        // Optionally emit the entry point taking arrays which handles
+        // both the public entry point taking arrays as well as the
+        // indirect buffer case
+        if (!cfg.nioDirectOnly(binding.getName()) &&
+            binding.signatureCanUseIndirectNIO()) {
+          emitter =
+            new JavaMethodBindingEmitter(binding,
+                                         writer,
+                                         cfg.runtimeExceptionType(),
+                                         false,
+                                         true,
+                                         false,
+                                         true,
+                                         false,
+                                         true,
+                                         false);
+
+          emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.PRIVATE);
+          if (cfg.allStatic()) {
+            emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.STATIC);
+          }
+          emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.NATIVE);
+          emitter.setReturnedArrayLengthExpression(cfg.returnedArrayLength(binding.getName()));
+          allEmitters.add(emitter);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Now generate the C emitter(s). We need to produce one for every
+    // Java native entry point (public or private). The only
+    // situations where we don't produce one are (a) when the method
+    // is unimplemented, and (b) when the signature contains primitive
+    // arrays, since the latter is handled by the method binding
+    // variant taking only NIO Buffers.
+    if (!cfg.isUnimplemented(binding.getName()) &&
+        !binding.signatureUsesJavaPrimitiveArrays()) {
+      // See whether we need an expression to help calculate the
+      // length of any return type
+      MessageFormat returnValueCapacityFormat = null;         
+      MessageFormat returnValueLengthFormat = null;         
+      JavaType javaReturnType = binding.getJavaReturnType();
+      if (javaReturnType.isNIOBuffer() ||
+          javaReturnType.isCompoundTypeWrapper()) {
+        // See whether capacity has been specified
+        String capacity = cfg.returnValueCapacity(binding.getName());
+        if (capacity != null) {
+          returnValueCapacityFormat = new MessageFormat(capacity);
+        }
+      } else if (javaReturnType.isArray() ||
+                 javaReturnType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+        // NOTE: adding a check here because the CMethodBindingEmitter
+        // also doesn't yet handle returning scalar arrays. In order
+        // to implement this, return the type as a Buffer instead
+        // (i.e., IntBuffer, FloatBuffer) and add code as necessary.
+        if (javaReturnType.isPrimitiveArray()) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Primitive array return types not yet supported");
+        }
+
+        // See whether length has been specified
+        String len = cfg.returnValueLength(binding.getName());
+        if (len != null) {
+          returnValueLengthFormat = new MessageFormat(len);
+        }
+      }
+
+      CMethodBindingEmitter cEmitter =
+        new CMethodBindingEmitter(binding,
+                                  cWriter(),
+                                  cfg.implPackageName(),
+                                  cfg.implClassName(),
+                                  true, /* NOTE: we always disambiguate with a suffix now, so this is optional */
+                                  cfg.allStatic(),
+                                  (binding.needsNIOWrappingOrUnwrapping() || hasPrologueOrEpilogue),
+                                  false);
+      if (returnValueCapacityFormat != null) {
+        cEmitter.setReturnValueCapacityExpression(returnValueCapacityFormat);
+      }
+      if (returnValueLengthFormat != null) {
+        cEmitter.setReturnValueLengthExpression(returnValueLengthFormat);
+      }
+      cEmitter.setTemporaryCVariableDeclarations(cfg.temporaryCVariableDeclarations(binding.getName()));
+      cEmitter.setTemporaryCVariableAssignments(cfg.temporaryCVariableAssignments(binding.getName()));
+      allEmitters.add(cEmitter);
+
+      // Now see if we have to emit another entry point to handle the
+      // indirect buffer and array case
+      if (binding.argumentsUseNIO() &&
+          binding.signatureCanUseIndirectNIO() &&
+          !cfg.nioDirectOnly(binding.getName())) {
+        cEmitter =
+          new CMethodBindingEmitter(binding,
+                                    cWriter(),
+                                    cfg.implPackageName(),
+                                    cfg.implClassName(),
+                                    true, /* NOTE: we always disambiguate with a suffix now, so this is optional */
+                                    cfg.allStatic(),
+                                    binding.needsNIOWrappingOrUnwrapping(),
+                                    true);
+        if (returnValueCapacityFormat != null) {
+          cEmitter.setReturnValueCapacityExpression(returnValueCapacityFormat);
+        }
+        if (returnValueLengthFormat != null) {
+          cEmitter.setReturnValueLengthExpression(returnValueLengthFormat);
+        }
+        cEmitter.setTemporaryCVariableDeclarations(cfg.temporaryCVariableDeclarations(binding.getName()));
+        cEmitter.setTemporaryCVariableAssignments(cfg.temporaryCVariableAssignments(binding.getName()));
+        allEmitters.add(cEmitter);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generate all appropriate Java bindings for the specified C function
+   * symbols.
+   */
+  protected List generateMethodBindingEmitters(FunctionSymbol sym) throws Exception {
+
+    ArrayList/*<FunctionEmitter>*/ allEmitters = new ArrayList();
+
+    try {
+      // Get Java binding for the function
+      MethodBinding mb = bindFunction(sym, null, null);
+      
+      // JavaTypes representing C pointers in the initial
+      // MethodBinding have not been lowered yet to concrete types
+      List bindings = expandMethodBinding(mb);
+      
+      for (Iterator iter = bindings.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+        MethodBinding binding = (MethodBinding) iter.next();        
+
+        if (cfg.allStatic() && binding.hasContainingType()) {
+          // This should not currently happen since structs are emitted using a different mechanism
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot create binding in AllStatic mode because method has containing type: \"" +
+                                             binding + "\"");
+        }
+
+        // The structure of the generated glue code looks something like this:
+        // Simple method (no arrays, void pointers, etc.):
+        //   Interface class:
+        //     public void fooMethod();
+        //   Implementation class:
+        //     public native void fooMethod();
+        //
+        // Method taking void* argument:
+        //   Interface class:
+        //     public void fooMethod(Buffer arg);
+        //   Implementation class:
+        //     public void fooMethod(Buffer arg) {
+        //       ... bounds checks, etc. ...
+        //       if (arg.isDirect()) {
+        //         fooMethod0(arg, computeDirectBufferByteOffset(arg));
+        //       } else {
+        //         fooMethod1(getIndirectBufferArray(arg), computeIndirectBufferByteOffset(arg));
+        //       }
+        //     }
+        //     private native void fooMethod0(Object arg, int arg_byte_offset);
+        //     private native void fooMethod1(Object arg, int arg_byte_offset);
+        //
+        // Method taking primitive array argument:
+        //   Interface class:
+        //     public void fooMethod(int[] arg, int arg_offset);
+        //     public void fooMethod(IntBuffer arg);
+        //   Implementing class:
+        //     public void fooMethod(int[] arg, int arg_offset) {
+        //       ... range checks, etc. ...
+        //       fooMethod1(arg, SIZEOF_INT * arg_offset);
+        //     }
+        //     public void fooMethod(IntBuffer arg) {
+        //       ... bounds checks, etc. ...
+        //       if (arg.isDirect()) {
+        //         fooMethod0(arg, computeDirectBufferByteOffset(arg));
+        //       } else {
+        //         fooMethod1(getIndirectBufferArray(arg), computeIndirectBufferByteOffset(arg));
+        //       }
+        //     }
+        //     private native void fooMethod0(Object arg, int arg_byte_offset);
+        //     private native void fooMethod1(Object arg, int arg_byte_offset);
+        //
+        // Note in particular that the public entry point taking an
+        // array is merely a special case of the indirect buffer case.
+
+        if (cfg.emitInterface()) {
+          generatePublicEmitters(binding, allEmitters, true);
+        }
+        if (cfg.emitImpl()) {
+          generatePublicEmitters(binding, allEmitters, false);
+          generatePrivateEmitters(binding, allEmitters);
+        }
+      } // end iteration over expanded bindings
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Error while generating bindings for \"" + sym + "\"", e);
+    }
+
+    return allEmitters;
+  }
+
+    
+  public void endFunctions() throws Exception
+  {
+    if (cfg.allStatic() || cfg.emitInterface()) {
+      emitCustomJavaCode(javaWriter(), cfg.className());
+    }
+    if (!cfg.allStatic() && cfg.emitImpl()) {
+      emitCustomJavaCode(javaImplWriter(), cfg.implClassName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void beginStructLayout() throws Exception {}
+  public void layoutStruct(CompoundType t) throws Exception {
+    getLayout().layout(t);
+  }
+  public void endStructLayout() throws Exception {}
+
+  public void beginStructs(TypeDictionary typedefDictionary,
+                           TypeDictionary structDictionary,
+                           Map            canonMap) throws Exception {
+    this.typedefDictionary = typedefDictionary;
+    this.structDictionary  = structDictionary;
+    this.canonMap          = canonMap;
+  }
+
+  public void emitStruct(CompoundType structType, String alternateName) throws Exception {
+    String name = structType.getName();
+    if (name == null && alternateName != null) {
+      name = alternateName;
+    }
+
+    if (name == null) {
+      System.err.println("WARNING: skipping emission of unnamed struct \"" + structType + "\"");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (cfg.shouldIgnore(name)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Type containingCType = canonicalize(new PointerType(machDesc.pointerSizeInBytes(), structType, 0));
+    JavaType containingType = typeToJavaType(containingCType, false);
+    if (!containingType.isCompoundTypeWrapper()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    String containingTypeName = containingType.getName();
+
+    boolean needsNativeCode = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < structType.getNumFields(); i++) {
+      if (structType.getField(i).getType().isFunctionPointer()) {
+        needsNativeCode = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    String structClassPkg = cfg.packageForStruct(name);
+    PrintWriter writer = null;
+    PrintWriter cWriter = null;
+    try
+    {
+      writer = openFile(
+        cfg.javaOutputDir() + File.separator +
+        CodeGenUtils.packageAsPath(structClassPkg) +
+        File.separator + containingTypeName + ".java");
+      CodeGenUtils.emitAutogeneratedWarning(writer, this);
+      if (needsNativeCode) {
+        String nRoot = cfg.nativeOutputDir();
+        if (cfg.nativeOutputUsesJavaHierarchy()) {
+          nRoot +=
+            File.separator +
+            CodeGenUtils.packageAsPath(cfg.packageName());
+        }
+        cWriter = openFile(nRoot + File.separator + containingTypeName + "_JNI.c");
+        CodeGenUtils.emitAutogeneratedWarning(cWriter, this);
+        emitCHeader(cWriter, containingTypeName);
+      }
+    }
+    catch(Exception e)
+    {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Unable to open files for emission of struct class", e);
+    }
+    
+    writer.println();
+    writer.println("package " + structClassPkg + ";");
+    writer.println();
+    writer.println("import java.nio.*;");
+    writer.println();
+    writer.println("import com.sun.gluegen.runtime.*;");
+    writer.println();
+    List/*<String>*/ imports = cfg.imports();
+    for (Iterator iter = imports.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+      writer.print("import ");
+      writer.print(iter.next());
+      writer.println(";");
+    }
+    List/*<String>*/ javadoc = cfg.javadocForClass(containingTypeName);
+    for (Iterator iter = javadoc.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+      writer.println((String) iter.next());
+    }
+    writer.println();
+    writer.print("public class " + containingTypeName + " ");
+    boolean firstIteration = true;
+    List/*<String>*/ userSpecifiedInterfaces = cfg.implementedInterfaces(containingTypeName);
+    for (Iterator iter = userSpecifiedInterfaces.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+      if (firstIteration) {
+        writer.print("implements ");
+      }
+      firstIteration = false;
+      writer.print(iter.next());
+      writer.print(" ");
+    }
+    writer.println("{");
+    writer.println("  private StructAccessor accessor;");
+    writer.println();
+    writer.println("  public static int size() {");
+    writer.println("    return " + structType.getSize() + ";");
+    writer.println("  }");
+    writer.println();
+    writer.println("  public " + containingTypeName + "() {");
+    writer.println("    this(BufferFactory.newDirectByteBuffer(size()));");
+    writer.println("  }");
+    writer.println();
+    writer.println("  public " + containingTypeName + "(ByteBuffer buf) {");
+    writer.println("    accessor = new StructAccessor(buf);");
+    writer.println("  }");
+    writer.println();
+    writer.println("  public ByteBuffer getBuffer() {");
+    writer.println("    return accessor.getBuffer();");
+    writer.println("  }");
+    for (int i = 0; i < structType.getNumFields(); i++) {
+      Field field = structType.getField(i);
+      Type fieldType = field.getType();
+      if (!cfg.shouldIgnore(name + " " + field.getName())) {
+        if (fieldType.isFunctionPointer()) {
+          try {
+            // Emit method call and associated native code
+            FunctionType   funcType     = fieldType.asPointer().getTargetType().asFunction();
+            FunctionSymbol funcSym      = new FunctionSymbol(field.getName(), funcType);
+            MethodBinding  binding      = bindFunction(funcSym, containingType, containingCType);
+            binding.findThisPointer(); // FIXME: need to provide option to disable this on per-function basis
+            writer.println();
+
+            // Emit public Java entry point for calling this function pointer
+            JavaMethodBindingEmitter emitter =
+              new JavaMethodBindingEmitter(binding,
+                                           writer,
+                                           cfg.runtimeExceptionType(),
+                                           true,
+                                           false,
+                                           true, // FIXME: should unify this with the general emission code
+                                           false,
+                                           false, // FIXME: should unify this with the general emission code
+                                           false, // FIXME: should unify this with the general emission code
+                                           false);
+            emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.PUBLIC);
+            emitter.emit();
+
+            // Emit private native Java entry point for calling this function pointer
+            emitter =
+              new JavaMethodBindingEmitter(binding,
+                                           writer,
+                                           cfg.runtimeExceptionType(),
+                                           false,
+                                           true,
+                                           true, // FIXME: should unify this with the general emission code
+                                           true,
+                                           true, // FIXME: should unify this with the general emission code
+                                           false, // FIXME: should unify this with the general emission code
+                                           false);
+            emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.PRIVATE);
+            emitter.addModifier(JavaMethodBindingEmitter.NATIVE);
+            emitter.emit();
+
+            // Emit (private) C entry point for calling this function pointer
+            CMethodBindingEmitter cEmitter =
+              new CMethodBindingEmitter(binding,
+                                        cWriter,
+                                        structClassPkg,
+                                        containingTypeName,
+                                        true, // FIXME: this is optional at this point
+                                        false,
+                                        true,
+                                        false); // FIXME: should unify this with the general emission code
+            cEmitter.emit();
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("While processing field " + field + " of type " + name + ":");
+            throw(e);
+          }
+        } else if (fieldType.isCompound()) {
+          // FIXME: will need to support this at least in order to
+          // handle the union in jawt_Win32DrawingSurfaceInfo (fabricate
+          // a name?)
+          if (fieldType.getName() == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Anonymous structs as fields not supported yet (field \"" +
+                                       field + "\" in type \"" + name + "\")");
+          }
+        
+          writer.println();
+          writer.println("  public " + fieldType.getName() + " " + field.getName() + "() {");
+          writer.println("    return new " + fieldType.getName() + "(accessor.slice(" +
+                         field.getOffset() + ", " + fieldType.getSize() + "));");
+          writer.println("  }");
+
+          // FIXME: add setter by autogenerating "copyTo" for all compound type wrappers
+        } else if (fieldType.isArray()) {
+          System.err.println("WARNING: Array fields (field \"" + field + "\" of type \"" + name +
+                             "\") not implemented yet");
+        } else {
+          JavaType javaType = null;
+          try {
+            javaType = typeToJavaType(fieldType, false);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("Error occurred while creating accessor for field \"" +
+                               field.getName() + "\" in type \"" + name + "\"");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            throw(e);
+          }
+          if (javaType.isPrimitive()) {
+            // Primitive type
+            String externalJavaTypeName = javaType.getName();
+            String internalJavaTypeName = externalJavaTypeName;
+            if (isOpaque(fieldType)) {
+              internalJavaTypeName = compatiblePrimitiveJavaTypeName(fieldType, javaType);
+            }
+            String capitalized =
+              "" + Character.toUpperCase(internalJavaTypeName.charAt(0)) + internalJavaTypeName.substring(1);
+            int slot = slot(fieldType, (int) field.getOffset());
+            // Setter
+            writer.println();
+            writer.println("  public " + containingTypeName + " " + field.getName() + "(" + externalJavaTypeName + " val) {");
+            writer.print  ("    accessor.set" + capitalized + "At(" + slot + ", ");
+            if (!externalJavaTypeName.equals(internalJavaTypeName)) {
+              writer.print("(" + internalJavaTypeName + ") ");
+            }
+            writer.println("val);");
+            writer.println("    return this;");
+            writer.println("  }");
+            // Getter
+            writer.println();
+            writer.println("  public " + externalJavaTypeName + " " + field.getName() + "() {");
+            writer.print  ("    return ");
+            if (!externalJavaTypeName.equals(internalJavaTypeName)) {
+              writer.print("(" + externalJavaTypeName + ") ");
+            }
+            writer.println("accessor.get" + capitalized + "At(" + slot + ");");
+            writer.println("  }");
+          } else {
+            // FIXME
+            System.err.println("WARNING: Complicated fields (field \"" + field + "\" of type \"" + name +
+                               "\") not implemented yet");
+            //          throw new RuntimeException("Complicated fields (field \"" + field + "\" of type \"" + t +
+            //                                     "\") not implemented yet");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    emitCustomJavaCode(writer, containingTypeName);
+    writer.println("}");
+    writer.flush();
+    writer.close();
+    if (needsNativeCode) {
+      cWriter.flush();
+      cWriter.close();
+    }
+  }
+  public void endStructs() throws Exception {}
+
+  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Internals only below this point
+  //
+
+  private JavaType typeToJavaType(Type cType, boolean outgoingArgument) {
+    // Recognize JNIEnv* case up front
+    PointerType opt = cType.asPointer();
+    if ((opt != null) &&
+        (opt.getTargetType().getName() != null) &&
+        (opt.getTargetType().getName().equals("JNIEnv"))) {
+      return JavaType.createForJNIEnv();
+    }
+
+    // Opaque specifications override automatic conversions
+    TypeInfo info = cfg.typeInfo(cType, typedefDictionary);
+    if (info != null) {
+      return info.javaType();
+    }
+    Type t = cType;
+    if (t.isInt() || t.isEnum()) {
+      switch (t.getSize()) {
+       case 1:  return javaType(Byte.TYPE);
+       case 2:  return javaType(Short.TYPE);
+       case 4:  return javaType(Integer.TYPE);
+       case 8:  return javaType(Long.TYPE);
+       default: throw new RuntimeException("Unknown integer type of size " +
+                                           t.getSize() + " and name " + t.getName());
+      }
+    } else if (t.isFloat()) {
+      return javaType(Float.TYPE);
+    } else if (t.isDouble()) {
+      return javaType(Double.TYPE);
+    } else if (t.isVoid()) {
+      return javaType(Void.TYPE);
+    } else {
+      if (t.pointerDepth() > 0 || t.arrayDimension() > 0) {
+        Type targetType; // target type 
+        if (t.isPointer()) {
+          // t is <type>*, we need to get <type>
+          targetType = t.asPointer().getTargetType();
+        } else {
+          // t is <type>[], we need to get <type>
+          targetType = t.asArray().getElementType(); 
+        }
+
+        // Handle Types of form pointer-to-type or array-of-type, like
+        // char* or int[]; these are expanded out into Java primitive
+        // arrays, NIO buffers, or both in expandMethodBinding
+        if (t.pointerDepth() == 1 || t.arrayDimension() == 1) {
+          if (targetType.isVoid()) {
+            return JavaType.createForVoidPointer();
+          } else if (targetType.isInt()) {
+            switch (targetType.getSize()) {
+              case 1:  return JavaType.createForCCharPointer();
+              case 2:  return JavaType.createForCShortPointer();
+              case 4:  return JavaType.createForCInt32Pointer();
+              case 8:  return JavaType.createForCInt64Pointer();
+              default: throw new RuntimeException("Unknown integer array type of size " +
+                                                  t.getSize() + " and name " + t.getName());
+            }
+          } else if (targetType.isFloat()) {
+            return JavaType.createForCFloatPointer();
+          } else if (targetType.isDouble()) {
+            return JavaType.createForCDoublePointer();
+          } else if (targetType.isCompound()) {
+            if (t.isArray()) {
+              throw new RuntimeException("Arrays of compound types not handled yet");
+            }
+            // Special cases for known JNI types (in particular for converting jawt.h)
+            if (t.getName() != null &&
+                t.getName().equals("jobject")) {
+              return javaType(java.lang.Object.class);
+            }
+
+            String name = targetType.getName();
+            if (name == null) {
+              // Try containing pointer type for any typedefs
+              name = t.getName();
+              if (name == null) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find a proper type name for pointer type " + t);
+              }
+            }
+
+            return JavaType.createForCStruct(cfg.renameJavaType(name));
+          } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Don't know how to convert pointer/array type \"" +
+                                       t + "\"");
+          }
+        }
+        // Handle Types of form pointer-to-pointer-to-type or
+        // array-of-arrays-of-type, like char** or int[][]
+        else if (t.pointerDepth() == 2 || t.arrayDimension() == 2) {
+          // Get the target type of the target type (targetType was computer earlier
+          // as to be a pointer to the target type, so now we need to get its
+          // target type)
+          Type bottomType;
+          if (targetType.isPointer()) {
+            // t is<type>**, targetType is <type>*, we need to get <type>
+            bottomType = targetType.asPointer().getTargetType(); 
+          } else {
+            // t is<type>[][], targetType is <type>[], we need to get <type>
+            bottomType = targetType.asArray().getElementType(); 
+          }
+
+          if (bottomType.isPrimitive()) {
+            if (bottomType.isInt()) {
+              switch (bottomType.getSize()) {
+                case 1: return javaType(ArrayTypes.byteBufferArrayClass);
+                case 2: return javaType(ArrayTypes.shortBufferArrayClass);
+                case 4: return javaType(ArrayTypes.intBufferArrayClass);
+                case 8: return javaType(ArrayTypes.longBufferArrayClass);
+                default: throw new RuntimeException("Unknown two-dimensional integer array type of element size " +
+                                                    bottomType.getSize() + " and name " + bottomType.getName());
+              }
+            } else if (bottomType.isFloat()) {
+              return javaType(ArrayTypes.floatBufferArrayClass);
+            } else if (bottomType.isDouble()) {
+              return javaType(ArrayTypes.doubleBufferArrayClass);
+            } else {
+              throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected primitive type " + bottomType.getName() +
+                                         " in two-dimensional array");
+            }
+          } else if (bottomType.isVoid()) {
+            return javaType(ArrayTypes.bufferArrayClass);
+          } else if (targetType.isPointer() && (targetType.pointerDepth() == 1) &&
+                     targetType.asPointer().getTargetType().isCompound()) {
+            // Array of pointers; convert as array of StructAccessors
+            return JavaType.createForCArray(targetType);
+          } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+              "Could not convert C type \"" + t + "\" " +
+              "to appropriate Java type; need to add more support for " +
+              "depth=2 pointer/array types [debug info: targetType=\"" +
+              targetType + "\"]");            
+          }
+        } else {
+          // can't handle this type of pointer/array argument
+          throw new RuntimeException(
+            "Could not convert C pointer/array \"" + t + "\" to " +
+            "appropriate Java type; types with pointer/array depth " +
+            "greater than 2 are not yet supported [debug info: " +
+            "pointerDepth=" + t.pointerDepth() + " arrayDimension=" +
+            t.arrayDimension() + " targetType=\"" + targetType + "\"]");
+        }
+        
+      } else {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Could not convert C type \"" + t + "\" (class " +
+          t.getClass().getName() + ") to appropriate Java type");
+      }
+    }    
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isIntegerType(Class c) {
+    return ((c == Byte.TYPE) ||
+            (c == Short.TYPE) ||
+            (c == Character.TYPE) ||
+            (c == Integer.TYPE) ||
+            (c == Long.TYPE));
+  }
+
+  private int slot(Type t, int byteOffset) {
+    if (t.isInt()) {
+      switch (t.getSize()) {
+       case 1:  
+       case 2:  
+       case 4:  
+       case 8:  return byteOffset / t.getSize();
+       default: throw new RuntimeException("Illegal type");
+      }
+    } else if (t.isFloat()) {
+      return byteOffset / 4;
+    } else if (t.isDouble()) {
+      return byteOffset / 8;
+    } else if (t.isPointer()) {
+      return byteOffset / machDesc.pointerSizeInBytes();
+    } else {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Illegal type " + t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private StructLayout getLayout() {
+    if (layout == null) {
+      layout = StructLayout.createForCurrentPlatform();
+    }
+    return layout;
+  }
+
+  protected PrintWriter openFile(String filename) throws IOException {
+    //System.out.println("Trying to open: " + filename);
+    File file = new File(filename);
+    String parentDir = file.getParent();
+    if (parentDir != null)
+    {
+      File pDirFile = new File(parentDir);
+      pDirFile.mkdirs();
+    }
+    return new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file)));
+  }
+
+  private boolean isOpaque(Type type) {
+    return (cfg.typeInfo(type, typedefDictionary) != null);
+  }
+
+  private String compatiblePrimitiveJavaTypeName(Type fieldType,
+                                                 JavaType javaType) {
+    Class c = javaType.getJavaClass();
+    if (!isIntegerType(c)) {
+      // FIXME
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't yet handle opaque definitions of structs' fields to non-integer types (byte, short, int, long, etc.)");
+    }
+    switch (fieldType.getSize()) {
+      case 1:  return "byte";
+      case 2:  return "short";
+      case 4:  return "int";
+      case 8:  return "long";
+      default: throw new RuntimeException("Can't handle opaque definitions if the starting type isn't compatible with integral types");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void openWriters() throws IOException {
+    String jRoot = null;
+    if (cfg.allStatic() || cfg.emitInterface()) {
+      jRoot = cfg.javaOutputDir() + File.separator +
+        CodeGenUtils.packageAsPath(cfg.packageName());
+    }
+    String jImplRoot = null;
+    if (!cfg.allStatic()) {
+      jImplRoot =
+        cfg.javaOutputDir() + File.separator +
+        CodeGenUtils.packageAsPath(cfg.implPackageName());
+    }
+    String nRoot = cfg.nativeOutputDir();
+    if (cfg.nativeOutputUsesJavaHierarchy())
+    {
+      nRoot +=
+        File.separator + CodeGenUtils.packageAsPath(cfg.packageName());
+    }
+    
+    if (cfg.allStatic() || cfg.emitInterface()) {
+      javaWriter = openFile(jRoot + File.separator + cfg.className() + ".java");
+    }
+    if (!cfg.allStatic() && cfg.emitImpl()) {
+      javaImplWriter = openFile(jImplRoot + File.separator + cfg.implClassName() + ".java");
+    }
+    if (cfg.emitImpl()) {
+      cWriter = openFile(nRoot + File.separator + cfg.implClassName() + "_JNI.c");
+    }
+
+    if (javaWriter != null) {
+      CodeGenUtils.emitAutogeneratedWarning(javaWriter, this);
+    }
+    if (javaImplWriter != null) {
+      CodeGenUtils.emitAutogeneratedWarning(javaImplWriter, this);
+    }
+    if (cWriter != null) {
+      CodeGenUtils.emitAutogeneratedWarning(cWriter, this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected PrintWriter javaWriter() {
+    if (!cfg.allStatic() && !cfg.emitInterface()) {
+      throw new InternalError("Should not call this");
+    }
+    return javaWriter;
+  }
+
+  protected PrintWriter javaImplWriter() {
+    if (cfg.allStatic() || !cfg.emitImpl()) {
+      throw new InternalError("Should not call this");
+    }
+    return javaImplWriter;
+  }
+  
+  protected PrintWriter cWriter() {
+    if (!cfg.emitImpl()) {
+      throw new InternalError("Should not call this");
+    }
+    return cWriter;
+  }
+
+  private void closeWriter(PrintWriter writer) throws IOException {
+    writer.flush();
+    writer.close();
+  }
+
+  private void closeWriters() throws IOException {
+    if (javaWriter != null) {
+      closeWriter(javaWriter);
+    }
+    if (javaImplWriter != null) {
+      closeWriter(javaImplWriter);
+    }
+    if (cWriter != null) {
+      closeWriter(cWriter);
+    }
+    javaWriter = null;
+    javaImplWriter = null;
+    cWriter = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the value that was specified by the configuration directive
+   * "JavaOutputDir", or the default if none was specified.
+   */
+  protected String getJavaOutputDir() {
+    return cfg.javaOutputDir();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the value that was specified by the configuration directive
+   * "Package", or the default if none was specified.
+   */
+  protected String getJavaPackageName() {
+    return cfg.packageName();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the value that was specified by the configuration directive
+   * "ImplPackage", or the default if none was specified.
+   */
+  protected String getImplPackageName() {
+    return cfg.implPackageName();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Emit all the strings specified in the "CustomJavaCode" parameters of
+   * the configuration file.
+   */
+  protected void emitCustomJavaCode(PrintWriter writer, String className) throws Exception
+  {
+    List code = cfg.customJavaCodeForClass(className);
+    if (code.size() == 0)
+      return;
+
+    writer.println();
+    writer.println("  // --- Begin CustomJavaCode .cfg declarations"); 
+    for (Iterator iter = code.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+      writer.println((String) iter.next());
+    }
+    writer.println("  // ---- End CustomJavaCode .cfg declarations"); 
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Write out any header information for the output files (class declaration
+   * and opening brace, import statements, etc).
+   */
+  protected void emitAllFileHeaders() throws IOException {    
+    try {    
+      if (cfg.allStatic() || cfg.emitInterface()) {
+        String[] interfaces;
+        List userSpecifiedInterfaces = null;
+        if (cfg.emitInterface()) {
+          userSpecifiedInterfaces = cfg.extendedInterfaces(cfg.className());
+        } else {
+          userSpecifiedInterfaces = cfg.implementedInterfaces(cfg.className());
+        }
+        interfaces = new String[userSpecifiedInterfaces.size()];
+        userSpecifiedInterfaces.toArray(interfaces);
+        
+        final List/*<String>*/ intfDocs = cfg.javadocForClass(cfg.className());
+        CodeGenUtils.EmissionCallback docEmitter =
+          new CodeGenUtils.EmissionCallback() {
+            public void emit(PrintWriter w) {
+              for (Iterator iter = intfDocs.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+                w.println((String) iter.next());
+              }
+            }
+          };
+
+        CodeGenUtils.emitJavaHeaders(
+          javaWriter,
+          cfg.packageName(),
+          cfg.className(),
+          cfg.allStatic() ? true : false, 
+          (String[]) cfg.imports().toArray(new String[] {}),
+          new String[] { "public" },
+          interfaces,
+          null,
+          docEmitter);               
+      }
+    
+      if (!cfg.allStatic() && cfg.emitImpl()) {
+        final List/*<String>*/ implDocs = cfg.javadocForClass(cfg.implClassName());
+        CodeGenUtils.EmissionCallback docEmitter =
+          new CodeGenUtils.EmissionCallback() {
+            public void emit(PrintWriter w) {
+              for (Iterator iter = implDocs.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+                w.println((String) iter.next());
+              }
+            }
+          };
+
+        String[] interfaces;
+        List userSpecifiedInterfaces = null;
+        userSpecifiedInterfaces = cfg.implementedInterfaces(cfg.implClassName());
+        int additionalNum = 0;
+        if (cfg.className() != null) {
+          additionalNum = 1;
+        }
+        interfaces = new String[additionalNum + userSpecifiedInterfaces.size()];
+        userSpecifiedInterfaces.toArray(interfaces);
+        if (additionalNum == 1) {
+          interfaces[userSpecifiedInterfaces.size()] = cfg.className();
+        }
+
+        CodeGenUtils.emitJavaHeaders(
+          javaImplWriter,
+          cfg.implPackageName(),
+          cfg.implClassName(),
+          true,
+          (String[]) cfg.imports().toArray(new String[] {}),
+          new String[] { "public" },
+          interfaces,
+          null,
+          docEmitter);                      
+      }
+          
+      if (cfg.emitImpl()) {
+        PrintWriter cWriter = cWriter();
+        emitCHeader(cWriter, cfg.implClassName());
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Error emitting all file headers: cfg.allStatic()=" + cfg.allStatic() +
+        " cfg.emitImpl()=" + cfg.emitImpl() + " cfg.emitInterface()=" + cfg.emitInterface(),
+        e);       
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected void emitCHeader(PrintWriter cWriter, String className) {
+    cWriter.println("#include <jni.h>");
+    cWriter.println();
+
+    if (getConfig().emitImpl()) {
+      cWriter.println("#include <assert.h>"); 
+      cWriter.println();
+    }
+
+    for (Iterator iter = cfg.customCCode().iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+      cWriter.println((String) iter.next());
+    }
+    cWriter.println();
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Write out any footer information for the output files (closing brace of
+   * class definition, etc).
+   */
+  protected void emitAllFileFooters(){
+    if (cfg.allStatic() || cfg.emitInterface()) {
+      javaWriter().println();
+      javaWriter().println("} // end of class " + cfg.className());
+    }
+    if (!cfg.allStatic() && cfg.emitImpl())
+    {
+      javaImplWriter().println();
+      javaImplWriter().println("} // end of class " + cfg.implClassName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private JavaType javaType(Class c) {
+    return JavaType.createForClass(c);
+  }
+
+  /** Maps the C types in the specified function to Java types through
+      the MethodBinding interface. Note that the JavaTypes in the
+      returned MethodBinding are "intermediate" JavaTypes (some
+      potentially representing C pointers rather than true Java types)
+      and must be lowered to concrete Java types before creating
+      emitters for them. */
+  private MethodBinding bindFunction(FunctionSymbol sym,
+                                     JavaType containingType,
+                                     Type containingCType) {
+
+    MethodBinding binding = new MethodBinding(sym, containingType, containingCType);
+    
+    binding.setRenamedMethodName(cfg.getJavaMethodRename(sym.getName()));
+    
+    if (cfg.returnsString(binding.getName())) {
+      PointerType prt = sym.getReturnType().asPointer();
+      if (prt == null ||
+          prt.getTargetType().asInt() == null ||
+          prt.getTargetType().getSize() != 1) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Cannot apply ReturnsString configuration directive to \"" + sym +
+          "\". ReturnsString requires native method to have return type \"char *\"");
+      }
+      binding.setJavaReturnType(javaType(java.lang.String.class));
+    } else {
+      binding.setJavaReturnType(typeToJavaType(sym.getReturnType(), false));
+    }
+
+    // List of the indices of the arguments in this function that should be
+    // converted from byte[] to String
+    List stringArgIndices = cfg.stringArguments(binding.getName());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < sym.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      Type cArgType = sym.getArgumentType(i);
+      JavaType mappedType = typeToJavaType(cArgType, true);
+      //System.out.println("C arg type -> \"" + cArgType + "\"" );
+      //System.out.println("      Java -> \"" + mappedType + "\"" );
+     
+      // Take into account any ArgumentIsString configuration directives that apply
+      if (stringArgIndices != null && stringArgIndices.contains(new Integer(i))) {   
+        //System.out.println("Forcing conversion of " + binding.getName() + " arg #" + i + " from byte[] to String ");
+        if (mappedType.isCVoidPointerType() ||
+            mappedType.isCCharPointerType() ||
+            (mappedType.isArray() && mappedType.getJavaClass() == ArrayTypes.byteBufferArrayClass)) {
+          // convert mapped type from void* and byte[] to String, or ByteBuffer[] to String[]
+          if (mappedType.getJavaClass() == ArrayTypes.byteBufferArrayClass) {
+            mappedType = javaType(ArrayTypes.stringArrayClass);
+          } else {         
+            mappedType = javaType(String.class);
+          }
+        }
+        else {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Cannot apply ArgumentIsString configuration directive to " +
+          "argument " + i + " of \"" + sym + "\": argument type is not " +
+          "a \"void*\", \"char *\", or \"char**\" equivalent");
+        }
+      }
+      binding.addJavaArgumentType(mappedType);
+      //System.out.println("During binding of [" + sym + "], added mapping from C type: " + cArgType + " to Java type: " + mappedType);
+    }
+
+    //System.err.println("---> " + binding);
+    //System.err.println("    ---> " + binding.getCSymbol());
+    return binding;
+  }
+  
+
+  private MethodBinding lowerMethodBindingPointerTypes(MethodBinding inputBinding,
+                                                       boolean convertToArrays,
+                                                       boolean[] canProduceArrayVariant) {
+    MethodBinding result = inputBinding;
+    boolean arrayPossible = false;
+    
+    for (int i = 0; i < inputBinding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      JavaType t = inputBinding.getJavaArgumentType(i);
+      if (t.isCPrimitivePointerType()) {
+        if (t.isCVoidPointerType()) {
+          // These are always bound to java.nio.Buffer
+          result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, JavaType.forNIOBufferClass());
+        } else if (t.isCCharPointerType()) {
+          arrayPossible = true;
+          if (convertToArrays) {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, javaType(ArrayTypes.byteArrayClass));
+          } else {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, JavaType.forNIOByteBufferClass());
+          }
+        } else if (t.isCShortPointerType()) {
+          arrayPossible = true;
+          if (convertToArrays) {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, javaType(ArrayTypes.shortArrayClass));
+          } else {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, JavaType.forNIOShortBufferClass());
+          }
+        } else if (t.isCInt32PointerType()) {
+          arrayPossible = true;
+          if (convertToArrays) {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, javaType(ArrayTypes.intArrayClass));
+          } else {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, JavaType.forNIOIntBufferClass());
+          }
+        } else if (t.isCInt64PointerType()) {
+          arrayPossible = true;
+          if (convertToArrays) {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, javaType(ArrayTypes.longArrayClass));
+          } else {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, JavaType.forNIOLongBufferClass());
+          }
+        } else if (t.isCFloatPointerType()) {
+          arrayPossible = true;
+          if (convertToArrays) {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, javaType(ArrayTypes.floatArrayClass));
+          } else {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, JavaType.forNIOFloatBufferClass());
+          }
+        } else if (t.isCDoublePointerType()) {
+          arrayPossible = true;
+          if (convertToArrays) {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, javaType(ArrayTypes.doubleArrayClass));
+          } else {
+            result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(i, JavaType.forNIODoubleBufferClass());
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Unknown C pointer type " + t);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Always return primitive pointer types as NIO buffers
+    JavaType t = result.getJavaReturnType();
+    if (t.isCPrimitivePointerType()) {
+      if (t.isCVoidPointerType()) {
+        result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(-1, JavaType.forNIOByteBufferClass());
+      } else if (t.isCCharPointerType()) {
+        result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(-1, JavaType.forNIOByteBufferClass());
+      } else if (t.isCShortPointerType()) {
+        result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(-1, JavaType.forNIOShortBufferClass());
+      } else if (t.isCInt32PointerType()) {
+        result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(-1, JavaType.forNIOIntBufferClass());
+      } else if (t.isCInt64PointerType()) {
+        result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(-1, JavaType.forNIOLongBufferClass());
+      } else if (t.isCFloatPointerType()) {
+        result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(-1, JavaType.forNIOFloatBufferClass());
+      } else if (t.isCDoublePointerType()) {
+        result = result.replaceJavaArgumentType(-1, JavaType.forNIODoubleBufferClass());
+      } else {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unknown C pointer type " + t);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (canProduceArrayVariant != null) {
+      canProduceArrayVariant[0] = arrayPossible;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Expands a MethodBinding containing C primitive pointer types into
+  // multiple variants taking Java primitive arrays and NIO buffers, subject
+  // to the per-function "NIO only" rule in the configuration file
+  protected List/*<MethodBinding>*/ expandMethodBinding(MethodBinding binding) {
+    List result = new ArrayList();
+    // Indicates whether it is possible to produce an array variant
+    // Prevents e.g. char* -> String conversions from emitting two entry points
+    boolean[] canProduceArrayVariant = new boolean[1];
+
+    if (binding.signatureUsesCPrimitivePointers() ||
+        binding.signatureUsesCVoidPointers() ||
+        binding.signatureUsesCArrays()) {
+      result.add(lowerMethodBindingPointerTypes(binding, false, canProduceArrayVariant));
+
+      // FIXME: should add new configuration flag for this
+      if (canProduceArrayVariant[0] &&
+          (binding.signatureUsesCPrimitivePointers() ||
+           binding.signatureUsesCArrays()) &&
+          !cfg.nioDirectOnly(binding.getName())) {
+        result.add(lowerMethodBindingPointerTypes(binding, true, null));
+      }
+    } else {
+      result.add(binding);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private String resultName() {
+    return "_res";
+  }
+
+  private Type canonicalize(Type t) {
+    Type res = (Type) canonMap.get(t);
+    if (res != null) {
+      return res;
+    }
+    canonMap.put(t, t);
+    return t;
+  }
+}