Convert the PulseAudio backend to C++

1 files changed, 1904 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Alc/backends/pulseaudio.cpp b/Alc/backends/pulseaudio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b75716bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Alc/backends/pulseaudio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1904 @@
+/**
+ * OpenAL cross platform audio library
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 by Konstantinos Natsakis <[email protected]>
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 by Chris Robinson <[email protected]>
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ *  Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ *  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ * Or go to http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lgpl.html
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <thread>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "alMain.h"
+#include "alu.h"
+#include "alconfig.h"
+#include "threads.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+
+#include "backends/base.h"
+
+#include <pulse/pulseaudio.h>
+
+#if PA_API_VERSION == 12
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DYNLOAD
+static void *pa_handle;
+#define MAKE_FUNC(x) static decltype(x) * p##x
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_unref);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_sample_spec_valid);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_frame_size);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_drop);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_strerror);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_get_state);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_get_state);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_signal);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_peek);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_wait);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_in_thread);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_new);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_stop);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_disconnect);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_start);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_set_state_callback);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_write);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_xfree);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_connect_record);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_connect_playback);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_readable_size);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_writable_size);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_is_corked);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_cork);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_is_suspended);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_get_device_name);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_get_latency);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_path_get_filename);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_get_binary_name);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_free);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_errno);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_xmalloc);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_unref);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_accept);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_set_write_callback);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_new);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_connect);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_set_buffer_attr);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_get_buffer_attr);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_get_sample_spec);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_get_time);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_set_read_callback);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_set_state_callback);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_set_moved_callback);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_set_underflow_callback);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_new_with_proplist);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_disconnect);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_lock);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_channel_map_init_auto);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_channel_map_parse);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_channel_map_snprint);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_channel_map_equal);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_get_server_info);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_get_sink_info_list);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_get_source_info_by_name);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_context_get_source_info_list);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_operation_get_state);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_operation_unref);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_proplist_new);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_proplist_free);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_proplist_set);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_channel_map_superset);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_callback);
+MAKE_FUNC(pa_stream_begin_write);
+#undef MAKE_FUNC
+
+#ifndef IN_IDE_PARSER
+#define pa_context_unref ppa_context_unref
+#define pa_sample_spec_valid ppa_sample_spec_valid
+#define pa_frame_size ppa_frame_size
+#define pa_stream_drop ppa_stream_drop
+#define pa_strerror ppa_strerror
+#define pa_context_get_state ppa_context_get_state
+#define pa_stream_get_state ppa_stream_get_state
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_signal ppa_threaded_mainloop_signal
+#define pa_stream_peek ppa_stream_peek
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_wait ppa_threaded_mainloop_wait
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock ppa_threaded_mainloop_unlock
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_in_thread ppa_threaded_mainloop_in_thread
+#define pa_context_new ppa_context_new
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_stop ppa_threaded_mainloop_stop
+#define pa_context_disconnect ppa_context_disconnect
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_start ppa_threaded_mainloop_start
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api ppa_threaded_mainloop_get_api
+#define pa_context_set_state_callback ppa_context_set_state_callback
+#define pa_stream_write ppa_stream_write
+#define pa_xfree ppa_xfree
+#define pa_stream_connect_record ppa_stream_connect_record
+#define pa_stream_connect_playback ppa_stream_connect_playback
+#define pa_stream_readable_size ppa_stream_readable_size
+#define pa_stream_writable_size ppa_stream_writable_size
+#define pa_stream_is_corked ppa_stream_is_corked
+#define pa_stream_cork ppa_stream_cork
+#define pa_stream_is_suspended ppa_stream_is_suspended
+#define pa_stream_get_device_name ppa_stream_get_device_name
+#define pa_stream_get_latency ppa_stream_get_latency
+#define pa_path_get_filename ppa_path_get_filename
+#define pa_get_binary_name ppa_get_binary_name
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_free ppa_threaded_mainloop_free
+#define pa_context_errno ppa_context_errno
+#define pa_xmalloc ppa_xmalloc
+#define pa_stream_unref ppa_stream_unref
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_accept ppa_threaded_mainloop_accept
+#define pa_stream_set_write_callback ppa_stream_set_write_callback
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_new ppa_threaded_mainloop_new
+#define pa_context_connect ppa_context_connect
+#define pa_stream_set_buffer_attr ppa_stream_set_buffer_attr
+#define pa_stream_get_buffer_attr ppa_stream_get_buffer_attr
+#define pa_stream_get_sample_spec ppa_stream_get_sample_spec
+#define pa_stream_get_time ppa_stream_get_time
+#define pa_stream_set_read_callback ppa_stream_set_read_callback
+#define pa_stream_set_state_callback ppa_stream_set_state_callback
+#define pa_stream_set_moved_callback ppa_stream_set_moved_callback
+#define pa_stream_set_underflow_callback ppa_stream_set_underflow_callback
+#define pa_stream_new_with_proplist ppa_stream_new_with_proplist
+#define pa_stream_disconnect ppa_stream_disconnect
+#define pa_threaded_mainloop_lock ppa_threaded_mainloop_lock
+#define pa_channel_map_init_auto ppa_channel_map_init_auto
+#define pa_channel_map_parse ppa_channel_map_parse
+#define pa_channel_map_snprint ppa_channel_map_snprint
+#define pa_channel_map_equal ppa_channel_map_equal
+#define pa_context_get_server_info ppa_context_get_server_info
+#define pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name ppa_context_get_sink_info_by_name
+#define pa_context_get_sink_info_list ppa_context_get_sink_info_list
+#define pa_context_get_source_info_by_name ppa_context_get_source_info_by_name
+#define pa_context_get_source_info_list ppa_context_get_source_info_list
+#define pa_operation_get_state ppa_operation_get_state
+#define pa_operation_unref ppa_operation_unref
+#define pa_proplist_new ppa_proplist_new
+#define pa_proplist_free ppa_proplist_free
+#define pa_proplist_set ppa_proplist_set
+#define pa_channel_map_superset ppa_channel_map_superset
+#define pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_callback ppa_stream_set_buffer_attr_callback
+#define pa_stream_begin_write ppa_stream_begin_write
+#endif /* IN_IDE_PARSER */
+
+#endif
+
+static ALCboolean pulse_load(void)
+{
+    ALCboolean ret{ALC_TRUE};
+#ifdef HAVE_DYNLOAD
+    if(!pa_handle)
+    {
+        std::string missing_funcs;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define PALIB "libpulse-0.dll"
+#elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
+#define PALIB "libpulse.0.dylib"
+#else
+#define PALIB "libpulse.so.0"
+#endif
+        pa_handle = LoadLib(PALIB);
+        if(!pa_handle)
+        {
+            WARN("Failed to load %s\n", PALIB);
+            return ALC_FALSE;
+        }
+
+#define LOAD_FUNC(x) do {                                                     \
+    p##x = reinterpret_cast<decltype(p##x)>(GetSymbol(pa_handle, #x));        \
+    if(!(p##x)) {                                                             \
+        ret = ALC_FALSE;                                                      \
+        missing_funcs += "\n" #x;                                             \
+    }                                                                         \
+} while(0)
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_unref);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_sample_spec_valid);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_drop);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_frame_size);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_strerror);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_get_state);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_get_state);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_signal);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_peek);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_wait);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_in_thread);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_new);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_stop);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_disconnect);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_start);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_set_state_callback);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_write);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_xfree);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_connect_record);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_connect_playback);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_readable_size);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_writable_size);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_is_corked);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_cork);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_is_suspended);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_get_device_name);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_get_latency);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_path_get_filename);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_get_binary_name);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_free);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_errno);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_xmalloc);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_unref);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_accept);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_set_write_callback);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_new);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_connect);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_set_buffer_attr);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_get_buffer_attr);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_get_sample_spec);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_get_time);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_set_read_callback);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_set_state_callback);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_set_moved_callback);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_set_underflow_callback);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_new_with_proplist);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_disconnect);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_threaded_mainloop_lock);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_channel_map_init_auto);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_channel_map_parse);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_channel_map_snprint);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_channel_map_equal);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_get_server_info);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_get_sink_info_list);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_get_source_info_by_name);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_context_get_source_info_list);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_operation_get_state);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_operation_unref);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_proplist_new);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_proplist_free);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_proplist_set);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_channel_map_superset);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_callback);
+        LOAD_FUNC(pa_stream_begin_write);
+#undef LOAD_FUNC
+
+        if(ret == ALC_FALSE)
+        {
+            WARN("Missing expected functions:%s\n", missing_funcs.c_str());
+            CloseLib(pa_handle);
+            pa_handle = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+#endif /* HAVE_DYNLOAD */
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/* *grumble* Don't use enums for bitflags. */
+inline pa_stream_flags_t operator|(pa_stream_flags_t lhs, pa_stream_flags_t rhs)
+{ return pa_stream_flags_t(int(lhs) | int(rhs)); }
+
+inline pa_stream_flags_t operator|=(pa_stream_flags_t &lhs, pa_stream_flags_t rhs)
+{
+    lhs = pa_stream_flags_t(int(lhs) | int(rhs));
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+inline pa_context_flags_t operator|=(pa_context_flags_t &lhs, pa_context_flags_t rhs)
+{
+    lhs = pa_context_flags_t(int(lhs) | int(rhs));
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+
+namespace {
+
+class palock_guard {
+    pa_threaded_mainloop *mLoop;
+
+public:
+    explicit palock_guard(pa_threaded_mainloop *loop) : mLoop(loop)
+    { pa_threaded_mainloop_lock(mLoop); }
+    ~palock_guard() { pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(mLoop); }
+
+    palock_guard(const palock_guard&) = delete;
+    palock_guard& operator=(const palock_guard&) = delete;
+};
+
+class unique_palock {
+    pa_threaded_mainloop *mLoop{nullptr};
+    bool mLocked{false};
+
+public:
+    unique_palock() noexcept = default;
+    explicit unique_palock(pa_threaded_mainloop *loop) : mLoop(loop)
+    {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_lock(mLoop);
+        mLocked = true;
+    }
+    unique_palock(unique_palock&& rhs) : mLoop(rhs.mLoop), mLocked(rhs.mLocked)
+    { rhs.mLoop = nullptr; rhs.mLocked = false; }
+    ~unique_palock() { if(mLocked) pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(mLoop); }
+
+    unique_palock& operator=(const unique_palock&) = delete;
+    unique_palock& operator=(unique_palock&& rhs)
+    {
+        if(mLocked)
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(mLoop);
+        mLoop = rhs.mLoop; rhs.mLoop = nullptr;
+        mLocked = rhs.mLocked; rhs.mLocked = false;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void lock()
+    {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_lock(mLoop);
+        mLocked = true;
+    }
+    void unlock()
+    {
+        mLocked = false;
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(mLoop);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+
+/* Global flags and properties */
+static pa_context_flags_t pulse_ctx_flags;
+static pa_proplist *prop_filter;
+
+
+/* PulseAudio Event Callbacks */
+static void context_state_callback(pa_context *context, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto loop{reinterpret_cast<pa_threaded_mainloop*>(pdata)};
+    auto state{pa_context_get_state(context)};
+    if(state == PA_CONTEXT_READY || !PA_CONTEXT_IS_GOOD(state))
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(loop, 0);
+}
+
+static void stream_state_callback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto loop{reinterpret_cast<pa_threaded_mainloop*>(pdata)};
+    auto state{pa_stream_get_state(stream)};
+    if(state == PA_STREAM_READY || !PA_STREAM_IS_GOOD(state))
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(loop, 0);
+}
+
+static void stream_success_callback(pa_stream *UNUSED(stream), int UNUSED(success), void *pdata)
+{
+    auto loop{reinterpret_cast<pa_threaded_mainloop*>(pdata)};
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(loop, 0);
+}
+
+static void wait_for_operation(pa_operation *op, pa_threaded_mainloop *loop)
+{
+    if(op)
+    {
+        while(pa_operation_get_state(op) == PA_OPERATION_RUNNING)
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_wait(loop);
+        pa_operation_unref(op);
+    }
+}
+
+
+static pa_context *connect_context(pa_threaded_mainloop *loop, ALboolean silent)
+{
+    const char *name{"OpenAL Soft"};
+    al_string binname{AL_STRING_INIT_STATIC()};
+
+    GetProcBinary(nullptr, &binname);
+    if(!alstr_empty(binname))
+        name = alstr_get_cstr(binname);
+
+    auto context{pa_context_new(pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api(loop), name)};
+    if(!context)
+    {
+        ERR("pa_context_new() failed\n");
+        alstr_reset(&binname);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    pa_context_set_state_callback(context, context_state_callback, loop);
+
+    int err;
+    if((err=pa_context_connect(context, nullptr, pulse_ctx_flags, nullptr)) >= 0)
+    {
+        pa_context_state_t state;
+        while((state=pa_context_get_state(context)) != PA_CONTEXT_READY)
+        {
+            if(!PA_CONTEXT_IS_GOOD(state))
+            {
+                err = pa_context_errno(context);
+                if(err > 0)  err = -err;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_wait(loop);
+        }
+    }
+    pa_context_set_state_callback(context, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+    if(err < 0)
+    {
+        if(!silent)
+            ERR("Context did not connect: %s\n", pa_strerror(err));
+        pa_context_unref(context);
+        context = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    alstr_reset(&binname);
+    return context;
+}
+
+
+using MainloopContextPair = std::pair<pa_threaded_mainloop*,pa_context*>;
+static MainloopContextPair pulse_open(void(*state_cb)(pa_context*,void*), void *ptr)
+{
+    auto loop{pa_threaded_mainloop_new()};
+    if(UNLIKELY(!loop))
+    {
+        ERR("pa_threaded_mainloop_new() failed!\n");
+        return {nullptr, nullptr};
+    }
+    if(UNLIKELY(pa_threaded_mainloop_start(loop) < 0))
+    {
+        ERR("pa_threaded_mainloop_start() failed\n");
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_free(loop);
+        return {nullptr, nullptr};
+    }
+
+    unique_palock palock{loop};
+    auto context{connect_context(loop, AL_FALSE)};
+    if(UNLIKELY(!context))
+    {
+        palock = unique_palock{};
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_stop(loop);
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_free(loop);
+        return {nullptr, nullptr};
+    }
+    pa_context_set_state_callback(context, state_cb, ptr);
+    return {loop, context};
+}
+
+static void pulse_close(pa_threaded_mainloop *loop, pa_context *context, pa_stream *stream)
+{
+    { palock_guard _{loop};
+        if(stream)
+        {
+            pa_stream_set_state_callback(stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+            pa_stream_set_moved_callback(stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+            pa_stream_set_write_callback(stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+            pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_callback(stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+            pa_stream_disconnect(stream);
+            pa_stream_unref(stream);
+        }
+
+        pa_context_disconnect(context);
+        pa_context_unref(context);
+    }
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_stop(loop);
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_free(loop);
+}
+
+
+struct DevMap {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string device_name;
+};
+
+static std::vector<DevMap> PlaybackDevices;
+static std::vector<DevMap> CaptureDevices;
+
+
+struct PulsePlayback {
+    DERIVE_FROM_TYPE(ALCbackend);
+
+    std::string device_name;
+
+    pa_buffer_attr attr;
+    pa_sample_spec spec;
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop *loop{nullptr};
+
+    pa_stream *stream{nullptr};
+    pa_context *context{nullptr};
+
+    std::atomic<ALenum> killNow{ALC_TRUE};
+    std::thread thread;
+};
+
+static void PulsePlayback_deviceCallback(pa_context *context, const pa_sink_info *info, int eol, void *pdata);
+static void PulsePlayback_probeDevices(void);
+
+static void PulsePlayback_bufferAttrCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata);
+static void PulsePlayback_contextStateCallback(pa_context *context, void *pdata);
+static void PulsePlayback_streamStateCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata);
+static void PulsePlayback_streamWriteCallback(pa_stream *p, size_t nbytes, void *userdata);
+static void PulsePlayback_sinkInfoCallback(pa_context *context, const pa_sink_info *info, int eol, void *pdata);
+static void PulsePlayback_sinkNameCallback(pa_context *context, const pa_sink_info *info, int eol, void *pdata);
+static void PulsePlayback_streamMovedCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata);
+static pa_stream *PulsePlayback_connectStream(const char *device_name, pa_threaded_mainloop *loop,
+                                              pa_context *context, pa_stream_flags_t flags,
+                                              pa_buffer_attr *attr, pa_sample_spec *spec,
+                                              pa_channel_map *chanmap);
+static int PulsePlayback_mixerProc(PulsePlayback *self);
+
+static void PulsePlayback_Construct(PulsePlayback *self, ALCdevice *device);
+static void PulsePlayback_Destruct(PulsePlayback *self);
+static ALCenum PulsePlayback_open(PulsePlayback *self, const ALCchar *name);
+static ALCboolean PulsePlayback_reset(PulsePlayback *self);
+static ALCboolean PulsePlayback_start(PulsePlayback *self);
+static void PulsePlayback_stop(PulsePlayback *self);
+static DECLARE_FORWARD2(PulsePlayback, ALCbackend, ALCenum, captureSamples, ALCvoid*, ALCuint)
+static DECLARE_FORWARD(PulsePlayback, ALCbackend, ALCuint, availableSamples)
+static ClockLatency PulsePlayback_getClockLatency(PulsePlayback *self);
+static void PulsePlayback_lock(PulsePlayback *self);
+static void PulsePlayback_unlock(PulsePlayback *self);
+DECLARE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATORS(PulsePlayback)
+
+DEFINE_ALCBACKEND_VTABLE(PulsePlayback);
+
+
+static void PulsePlayback_Construct(PulsePlayback *self, ALCdevice *device)
+{
+    new (self) PulsePlayback();
+    ALCbackend_Construct(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self), device);
+    SET_VTABLE2(PulsePlayback, ALCbackend, self);
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_Destruct(PulsePlayback *self)
+{
+    if(self->loop)
+    {
+        pulse_close(self->loop, self->context, self->stream);
+        self->loop = nullptr;
+        self->context = nullptr;
+        self->stream = nullptr;
+    }
+    ALCbackend_Destruct(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self));
+    self->~PulsePlayback();
+}
+
+
+static void PulsePlayback_deviceCallback(pa_context *UNUSED(context), const pa_sink_info *info, int eol, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto loop{reinterpret_cast<pa_threaded_mainloop*>(pdata)};
+
+    if(eol)
+    {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(loop, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(std::find_if(PlaybackDevices.cbegin(), PlaybackDevices.cend(),
+        [info](const DevMap &entry) -> bool
+        { return entry.device_name == info->name; }
+    ) != PlaybackDevices.cend())
+        return;
+
+    PlaybackDevices.emplace_back();
+    DevMap &newentry{PlaybackDevices.back()};
+
+    int count{0};
+    while(1)
+    {
+        newentry.name = info->description;
+        if(count != 0)
+        {
+            newentry.name += " #";
+            newentry.name += std::to_string(count+1);
+        }
+
+        if(std::find_if(PlaybackDevices.cbegin(), PlaybackDevices.cend()-1,
+            [&newentry](const DevMap &entry) -> bool
+            { return entry.name == newentry.name; }
+        ) == PlaybackDevices.cend()-1)
+            break;
+        count++;
+    }
+    newentry.device_name = info->name;
+
+    TRACE("Got device \"%s\", \"%s\"\n", newentry.name.c_str(), newentry.device_name.c_str());
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_probeDevices(void)
+{
+    PlaybackDevices.clear();
+
+    auto loop{pa_threaded_mainloop_new()};
+    if(loop && pa_threaded_mainloop_start(loop) >= 0)
+    {
+        unique_palock palock{loop};
+
+        auto context{connect_context(loop, AL_FALSE)};
+        if(context)
+        {
+            pa_stream_flags_t flags{PA_STREAM_FIX_FORMAT | PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE |
+                                    PA_STREAM_FIX_CHANNELS | PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE};
+
+            pa_sample_spec spec;
+            spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_S16NE;
+            spec.rate = 44100;
+            spec.channels = 2;
+
+            auto stream{PulsePlayback_connectStream(nullptr,
+                loop, context, flags, nullptr, &spec, nullptr
+            )};
+            if(stream)
+            {
+                auto op{pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name(context,
+                    pa_stream_get_device_name(stream), PulsePlayback_deviceCallback, loop
+                )};
+                wait_for_operation(op, loop);
+
+                pa_stream_disconnect(stream);
+                pa_stream_unref(stream);
+                stream = nullptr;
+            }
+
+            auto op{pa_context_get_sink_info_list(context,
+                PulsePlayback_deviceCallback, loop
+            )};
+            wait_for_operation(op, loop);
+
+            pa_context_disconnect(context);
+            pa_context_unref(context);
+        }
+        palock = unique_palock{};
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_stop(loop);
+    }
+    if(loop)
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_free(loop);
+}
+
+
+static void PulsePlayback_bufferAttrCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulsePlayback*>(pdata)};
+
+    self->attr = *pa_stream_get_buffer_attr(stream);
+    TRACE("minreq=%d, tlength=%d, prebuf=%d\n", self->attr.minreq, self->attr.tlength, self->attr.prebuf);
+    /* FIXME: Update the device's UpdateSize (and/or NumUpdates) using the new
+     * buffer attributes? Changing UpdateSize will change the ALC_REFRESH
+     * property, which probably shouldn't change between device resets. But
+     * leaving it alone means ALC_REFRESH will be off.
+     */
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_contextStateCallback(pa_context *context, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulsePlayback*>(pdata)};
+    if(pa_context_get_state(context) == PA_CONTEXT_FAILED)
+    {
+        ERR("Received context failure!\n");
+        aluHandleDisconnect(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice, "Playback state failure");
+    }
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_streamStateCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulsePlayback*>(pdata)};
+    if(pa_stream_get_state(stream) == PA_STREAM_FAILED)
+    {
+        ERR("Received stream failure!\n");
+        aluHandleDisconnect(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice, "Playback stream failure");
+    }
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_streamWriteCallback(pa_stream* UNUSED(p), size_t UNUSED(nbytes), void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulsePlayback*>(pdata)};
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_sinkInfoCallback(pa_context *UNUSED(context), const pa_sink_info *info, int eol, void *pdata)
+{
+    struct ChannelMap {
+        DevFmtChannels chans;
+        pa_channel_map map;
+    };
+    static constexpr std::array<ChannelMap,7> chanmaps{{
+        { DevFmtX71, { 8, {
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_RIGHT,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_RIGHT
+        } } },
+        { DevFmtX61, { 7, {
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_CENTER,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_RIGHT
+        } } },
+        { DevFmtX51, { 6, {
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_RIGHT
+        } } },
+        { DevFmtX51Rear, { 6, {
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_RIGHT
+        } } },
+        { DevFmtQuad, { 4, {
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT,
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_RIGHT
+        } } },
+        { DevFmtStereo, { 2, {
+            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT, PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT
+        } } },
+        { DevFmtMono, { 1, {PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MONO} } }
+    }};
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulsePlayback*>(pdata)};
+
+    if(eol)
+    {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice};
+    auto chanmap{std::find_if(chanmaps.cbegin(), chanmaps.cend(),
+        [info](const ChannelMap &chanmap) -> bool
+        { return pa_channel_map_superset(&info->channel_map, &chanmap.map); }
+    )};
+    if(chanmap != chanmaps.cend())
+    {
+        if(!(device->Flags&DEVICE_CHANNELS_REQUEST))
+            device->FmtChans = chanmap->chans;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        char chanmap_str[PA_CHANNEL_MAP_SNPRINT_MAX]{};
+        pa_channel_map_snprint(chanmap_str, sizeof(chanmap_str), &info->channel_map);
+        WARN("Failed to find format for channel map:\n    %s\n", chanmap_str);
+    }
+
+    if(info->active_port)
+        TRACE("Active port: %s (%s)\n", info->active_port->name, info->active_port->description);
+    device->IsHeadphones = (info->active_port &&
+                            strcmp(info->active_port->name, "analog-output-headphones") == 0 &&
+                            device->FmtChans == DevFmtStereo);
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_sinkNameCallback(pa_context *UNUSED(context), const pa_sink_info *info, int eol, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulsePlayback*>(pdata)};
+
+    if(eol)
+    {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice};
+    alstr_copy_cstr(&device->DeviceName, info->description);
+}
+
+
+static void PulsePlayback_streamMovedCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulsePlayback*>(pdata)};
+
+    self->device_name = pa_stream_get_device_name(stream);
+
+    TRACE("Stream moved to %s\n", self->device_name.c_str());
+}
+
+
+static pa_stream *PulsePlayback_connectStream(const char *device_name,
+    pa_threaded_mainloop *loop, pa_context *context,
+    pa_stream_flags_t flags, pa_buffer_attr *attr, pa_sample_spec *spec,
+    pa_channel_map *chanmap)
+{
+    if(!device_name)
+    {
+        device_name = getenv("ALSOFT_PULSE_DEFAULT");
+        if(device_name && !device_name[0])
+            device_name = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    auto stream{pa_stream_new_with_proplist(context,
+        "Playback Stream", spec, chanmap, prop_filter
+    )};
+    if(!stream)
+    {
+        ERR("pa_stream_new_with_proplist() failed: %s\n", pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(context)));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    pa_stream_set_state_callback(stream, stream_state_callback, loop);
+
+    if(pa_stream_connect_playback(stream, device_name, attr, flags, nullptr, nullptr) < 0)
+    {
+        ERR("Stream did not connect: %s\n", pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(context)));
+        pa_stream_unref(stream);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    pa_stream_state_t state;
+    while((state=pa_stream_get_state(stream)) != PA_STREAM_READY)
+    {
+        if(!PA_STREAM_IS_GOOD(state))
+        {
+            ERR("Stream did not get ready: %s\n", pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(context)));
+            pa_stream_unref(stream);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_wait(loop);
+    }
+    pa_stream_set_state_callback(stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+    return stream;
+}
+
+
+static int PulsePlayback_mixerProc(PulsePlayback *self)
+{
+    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice};
+
+    SetRTPriority();
+    althrd_setname(althrd_current(), MIXER_THREAD_NAME);
+
+    unique_palock palock{self->loop};
+    size_t frame_size{pa_frame_size(&self->spec)};
+
+    while(!self->killNow.load(almemory_order_acquire) &&
+          ATOMIC_LOAD(&device->Connected, almemory_order_acquire))
+    {
+        auto len{static_cast<ssize_t>(pa_stream_writable_size(self->stream))};
+        if(UNLIKELY(len < 0))
+        {
+            ERR("Failed to get writable size: %ld", (long)len);
+            aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Failed to get writable size: %ld", (long)len);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* Make sure we're going to write at least 2 'periods' (minreqs), in
+         * case the server increased it since starting playback. Also round up
+         * the number of writable periods if it's not an integer count.
+         */
+        ALint buffer_size{static_cast<int32_t>(self->attr.minreq) * maxi(
+            (self->attr.tlength + self->attr.minreq/2) / self->attr.minreq, 2
+        )};
+
+        /* NOTE: This assumes pa_stream_writable_size returns between 0 and
+         * tlength, else there will be more latency than intended.
+         */
+        len = buffer_size - maxi((ssize_t)self->attr.tlength - len, 0);
+        if(len < self->attr.minreq)
+        {
+            if(pa_stream_is_corked(self->stream))
+            {
+                auto op{pa_stream_cork(self->stream, 0, nullptr, nullptr)};
+                if(op) pa_operation_unref(op);
+            }
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_wait(self->loop);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        len -= len%self->attr.minreq;
+        len -= len%frame_size;
+
+        auto buf{pa_xmalloc(len)};
+        aluMixData(device, buf, len/frame_size);
+
+        auto ret{pa_stream_write(self->stream, buf, len, pa_xfree, 0, PA_SEEK_RELATIVE)};
+        if(UNLIKELY(ret != PA_OK))
+            ERR("Failed to write to stream: %d, %s\n", ret, pa_strerror(ret));
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static ALCenum PulsePlayback_open(PulsePlayback *self, const ALCchar *name)
+{
+    const char *pulse_name{nullptr};
+    const char *dev_name{nullptr};
+
+    if(name)
+    {
+        if(PlaybackDevices.empty())
+            PulsePlayback_probeDevices();
+
+        auto iter{std::find_if(PlaybackDevices.cbegin(), PlaybackDevices.cend(),
+            [name](const DevMap &entry) -> bool
+            { return entry.name == name; }
+        )};
+        if(iter == PlaybackDevices.cend())
+            return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+        pulse_name = iter->device_name.c_str();
+        dev_name = iter->name.c_str();
+    }
+
+    std::tie(self->loop, self->context) = pulse_open(PulsePlayback_contextStateCallback, self);
+    if(!self->loop) return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+
+    unique_palock palock{self->loop};
+
+    pa_stream_flags_t flags{PA_STREAM_FIX_FORMAT | PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE |
+                            PA_STREAM_FIX_CHANNELS};
+    if(!GetConfigValueBool(nullptr, "pulse", "allow-moves", 0))
+        flags |= PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE;
+
+    pa_sample_spec spec{};
+    spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_S16NE;
+    spec.rate = 44100;
+    spec.channels = 2;
+
+    TRACE("Connecting to \"%s\"\n", pulse_name ? pulse_name : "(default)");
+    self->stream = PulsePlayback_connectStream(pulse_name, self->loop, self->context,
+                                               flags, nullptr, &spec, nullptr);
+    if(!self->stream)
+    {
+        palock = unique_palock{};
+        pulse_close(self->loop, self->context, self->stream);
+        self->loop = nullptr;
+        self->context = nullptr;
+        return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+    pa_stream_set_moved_callback(self->stream, PulsePlayback_streamMovedCallback, self);
+
+    self->device_name = pa_stream_get_device_name(self->stream);
+    if(!dev_name)
+    {
+        auto o = pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name(self->context,
+            self->device_name.c_str(), PulsePlayback_sinkNameCallback, self
+        );
+        wait_for_operation(o, self->loop);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ALCdevice *device = STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice;
+        alstr_copy_cstr(&device->DeviceName, dev_name);
+    }
+
+    return ALC_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+static ALCboolean PulsePlayback_reset(PulsePlayback *self)
+{
+    unique_palock palock{self->loop};
+
+    if(self->stream)
+    {
+        pa_stream_set_state_callback(self->stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+        pa_stream_set_moved_callback(self->stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+        pa_stream_set_write_callback(self->stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+        pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_callback(self->stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+        pa_stream_disconnect(self->stream);
+        pa_stream_unref(self->stream);
+        self->stream = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    auto op{pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name(self->context,
+        self->device_name.c_str(), PulsePlayback_sinkInfoCallback, self
+    )};
+    wait_for_operation(op, self->loop);
+
+    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice};
+    pa_stream_flags_t flags{PA_STREAM_START_CORKED | PA_STREAM_ADJUST_LATENCY |
+                            PA_STREAM_INTERPOLATE_TIMING | PA_STREAM_AUTO_TIMING_UPDATE};
+    if(!GetConfigValueBool(nullptr, "pulse", "allow-moves", 0))
+        flags |= PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE;
+    if(GetConfigValueBool(alstr_get_cstr(device->DeviceName), "pulse", "fix-rate", 0) ||
+       !(device->Flags&DEVICE_FREQUENCY_REQUEST))
+        flags |= PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE;
+
+    switch(device->FmtType)
+    {
+        case DevFmtByte:
+            device->FmtType = DevFmtUByte;
+            /* fall-through */
+        case DevFmtUByte:
+            self->spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_U8;
+            break;
+        case DevFmtUShort:
+            device->FmtType = DevFmtShort;
+            /* fall-through */
+        case DevFmtShort:
+            self->spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_S16NE;
+            break;
+        case DevFmtUInt:
+            device->FmtType = DevFmtInt;
+            /* fall-through */
+        case DevFmtInt:
+            self->spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_S32NE;
+            break;
+        case DevFmtFloat:
+            self->spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32NE;
+            break;
+    }
+    self->spec.rate = device->Frequency;
+    self->spec.channels = ChannelsFromDevFmt(device->FmtChans, device->AmbiOrder);
+
+    if(pa_sample_spec_valid(&self->spec) == 0)
+    {
+        ERR("Invalid sample format\n");
+        return ALC_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    const char *mapname{nullptr};
+    pa_channel_map chanmap;
+    switch(device->FmtChans)
+    {
+        case DevFmtMono:
+            mapname = "mono";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtAmbi3D:
+            device->FmtChans = DevFmtStereo;
+            /*fall-through*/
+        case DevFmtStereo:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtQuad:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtX51:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,side-left,side-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtX51Rear:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,rear-left,rear-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtX61:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,rear-center,side-left,side-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtX71:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,rear-left,rear-right,side-left,side-right";
+            break;
+    }
+    if(!pa_channel_map_parse(&chanmap, mapname))
+    {
+        ERR("Failed to build channel map for %s\n", DevFmtChannelsString(device->FmtChans));
+        return ALC_FALSE;
+    }
+    SetDefaultWFXChannelOrder(device);
+
+    self->attr.fragsize = -1;
+    self->attr.prebuf = 0;
+    self->attr.minreq = device->UpdateSize * pa_frame_size(&self->spec);
+    self->attr.tlength = self->attr.minreq * maxu(device->NumUpdates, 2);
+    self->attr.maxlength = -1;
+
+    self->stream = PulsePlayback_connectStream(self->device_name.c_str(),
+        self->loop, self->context, flags, &self->attr, &self->spec, &chanmap
+    );
+    if(!self->stream)
+        return ALC_FALSE;
+    pa_stream_set_state_callback(self->stream, PulsePlayback_streamStateCallback, self);
+    pa_stream_set_moved_callback(self->stream, PulsePlayback_streamMovedCallback, self);
+    pa_stream_set_write_callback(self->stream, PulsePlayback_streamWriteCallback, self);
+
+    self->spec = *(pa_stream_get_sample_spec(self->stream));
+    if(device->Frequency != self->spec.rate)
+    {
+        /* Server updated our playback rate, so modify the buffer attribs
+         * accordingly. */
+        device->NumUpdates = (ALuint)clampd(
+            (ALdouble)device->NumUpdates/device->Frequency*self->spec.rate + 0.5, 2.0, 16.0
+        );
+
+        self->attr.minreq  = device->UpdateSize * pa_frame_size(&self->spec);
+        self->attr.tlength = self->attr.minreq * device->NumUpdates;
+        self->attr.maxlength = -1;
+        self->attr.prebuf  = 0;
+
+        op = pa_stream_set_buffer_attr(self->stream, &self->attr,
+                                       stream_success_callback, self->loop);
+        wait_for_operation(op, self->loop);
+
+        device->Frequency = self->spec.rate;
+    }
+
+    pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_callback(self->stream, PulsePlayback_bufferAttrCallback, self);
+    PulsePlayback_bufferAttrCallback(self->stream, self);
+
+    device->NumUpdates = (ALuint)clampu64(
+        (self->attr.tlength + self->attr.minreq/2) / self->attr.minreq, 2, 16
+    );
+    device->UpdateSize = self->attr.minreq / pa_frame_size(&self->spec);
+
+    /* HACK: prebuf should be 0 as that's what we set it to. However on some
+     * systems it comes back as non-0, so we have to make sure the device will
+     * write enough audio to start playback. The lack of manual start control
+     * may have unintended consequences, but it's better than not starting at
+     * all.
+     */
+    if(self->attr.prebuf != 0)
+    {
+        ALuint len{self->attr.prebuf / (ALuint)pa_frame_size(&self->spec)};
+        if(len <= device->UpdateSize*device->NumUpdates)
+            ERR("Non-0 prebuf, %u samples (%u bytes), device has %u samples\n",
+                len, self->attr.prebuf, device->UpdateSize*device->NumUpdates);
+        else
+        {
+            ERR("Large prebuf, %u samples (%u bytes), increasing device from %u samples",
+                len, self->attr.prebuf, device->UpdateSize*device->NumUpdates);
+            device->NumUpdates = (len+device->UpdateSize-1) / device->UpdateSize;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ALC_TRUE;
+}
+
+static ALCboolean PulsePlayback_start(PulsePlayback *self)
+{
+    try {
+        self->killNow.store(AL_FALSE, almemory_order_release);
+        self->thread = std::thread(PulsePlayback_mixerProc, self);
+        return ALC_TRUE;
+    }
+    catch(std::exception& e) {
+        ERR("Failed to start thread: %s\n", e.what());
+    }
+    catch(...) {
+        ERR("Failed to start thread\n");
+    }
+    return ALC_FALSE;
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_stop(PulsePlayback *self)
+{
+    self->killNow.store(AL_TRUE, almemory_order_release);
+    if(!self->stream || !self->thread.joinable())
+        return;
+
+    /* Signal the main loop in case PulseAudio isn't sending us audio requests
+     * (e.g. if the device is suspended). We need to lock the mainloop in case
+     * the mixer is between checking the killNow flag but before waiting for
+     * the signal.
+     */
+    unique_palock palock{self->loop};
+    palock.unlock();
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+    self->thread.join();
+
+    palock.lock();
+
+    auto o = pa_stream_cork(self->stream, 1, stream_success_callback, self->loop);
+    wait_for_operation(o, self->loop);
+}
+
+
+static ClockLatency PulsePlayback_getClockLatency(PulsePlayback *self)
+{
+    ClockLatency ret;
+    pa_usec_t latency;
+    int neg, err;
+
+    { palock_guard _{self->loop};
+        ret.ClockTime = GetDeviceClockTime(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice);
+        err = pa_stream_get_latency(self->stream, &latency, &neg);
+    }
+
+    if(UNLIKELY(err != 0))
+    {
+        /* FIXME: if err = -PA_ERR_NODATA, it means we were called too soon
+         * after starting the stream and no timing info has been received from
+         * the server yet. Should we wait, possibly stalling the app, or give a
+         * dummy value? Either way, it shouldn't be 0. */
+        if(err != -PA_ERR_NODATA)
+            ERR("Failed to get stream latency: 0x%x\n", err);
+        latency = 0;
+        neg = 0;
+    }
+    else if(UNLIKELY(neg))
+        latency = 0;
+    ret.Latency = (ALint64)minu64(latency, U64(0x7fffffffffffffff)/1000) * 1000;
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+static void PulsePlayback_lock(PulsePlayback *self)
+{
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_lock(self->loop);
+}
+
+static void PulsePlayback_unlock(PulsePlayback *self)
+{
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(self->loop);
+}
+
+
+struct PulseCapture {
+    DERIVE_FROM_TYPE(ALCbackend);
+
+    std::string device_name;
+
+    const void *cap_store{nullptr};
+    size_t cap_len{0};
+    size_t cap_remain{0};
+
+    ALCuint last_readable{0};
+
+    pa_buffer_attr attr;
+    pa_sample_spec spec;
+
+    pa_threaded_mainloop *loop{nullptr};
+
+    pa_stream *stream{nullptr};
+    pa_context *context{nullptr};
+};
+
+static void PulseCapture_deviceCallback(pa_context *context, const pa_source_info *info, int eol, void *pdata);
+static void PulseCapture_probeDevices(void);
+
+static void PulseCapture_contextStateCallback(pa_context *context, void *pdata);
+static void PulseCapture_streamStateCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata);
+static void PulseCapture_sourceNameCallback(pa_context *context, const pa_source_info *info, int eol, void *pdata);
+static void PulseCapture_streamMovedCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata);
+static pa_stream *PulseCapture_connectStream(const char *device_name,
+                                             pa_threaded_mainloop *loop, pa_context *context,
+                                             pa_stream_flags_t flags, pa_buffer_attr *attr,
+                                             pa_sample_spec *spec, pa_channel_map *chanmap);
+
+static void PulseCapture_Construct(PulseCapture *self, ALCdevice *device);
+static void PulseCapture_Destruct(PulseCapture *self);
+static ALCenum PulseCapture_open(PulseCapture *self, const ALCchar *name);
+static DECLARE_FORWARD(PulseCapture, ALCbackend, ALCboolean, reset)
+static ALCboolean PulseCapture_start(PulseCapture *self);
+static void PulseCapture_stop(PulseCapture *self);
+static ALCenum PulseCapture_captureSamples(PulseCapture *self, ALCvoid *buffer, ALCuint samples);
+static ALCuint PulseCapture_availableSamples(PulseCapture *self);
+static ClockLatency PulseCapture_getClockLatency(PulseCapture *self);
+static void PulseCapture_lock(PulseCapture *self);
+static void PulseCapture_unlock(PulseCapture *self);
+DECLARE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATORS(PulseCapture)
+
+DEFINE_ALCBACKEND_VTABLE(PulseCapture);
+
+
+static void PulseCapture_Construct(PulseCapture *self, ALCdevice *device)
+{
+    new (self) PulseCapture();
+    ALCbackend_Construct(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self), device);
+    SET_VTABLE2(PulseCapture, ALCbackend, self);
+}
+
+static void PulseCapture_Destruct(PulseCapture *self)
+{
+    if(self->loop)
+    {
+        pulse_close(self->loop, self->context, self->stream);
+        self->loop = nullptr;
+        self->context = nullptr;
+        self->stream = nullptr;
+    }
+    ALCbackend_Destruct(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self));
+    self->~PulseCapture();
+}
+
+
+static void PulseCapture_deviceCallback(pa_context *UNUSED(context), const pa_source_info *info, int eol, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto loop{reinterpret_cast<pa_threaded_mainloop*>(pdata)};
+
+    if(eol)
+    {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(loop, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(std::find_if(CaptureDevices.cbegin(), CaptureDevices.cend(),
+        [info](const DevMap &entry) -> bool
+        { return entry.device_name == info->name; }
+    ) != CaptureDevices.cend())
+        return;
+
+    CaptureDevices.emplace_back();
+    DevMap &newentry{CaptureDevices.back()};
+
+    int count{0};
+    while(1)
+    {
+        newentry.name = info->description;
+        if(count != 0)
+        {
+            newentry.name += " #";
+            newentry.name += std::to_string(count+1);
+        }
+
+        if(std::find_if(CaptureDevices.cbegin(), CaptureDevices.cend()-1,
+            [&newentry](const DevMap &entry) -> bool
+            { return entry.name == newentry.name; }
+        ) == CaptureDevices.cend()-1)
+            break;
+        count++;
+    }
+    newentry.device_name = info->name;
+
+    TRACE("Got device \"%s\", \"%s\"\n", newentry.name.c_str(), newentry.device_name.c_str());
+}
+
+static void PulseCapture_probeDevices(void)
+{
+    CaptureDevices.clear();
+
+    auto loop{pa_threaded_mainloop_new()};
+    if(loop && pa_threaded_mainloop_start(loop) >= 0)
+    {
+        unique_palock palock{loop};
+
+        auto context{connect_context(loop, AL_FALSE)};
+        if(context)
+        {
+            pa_stream_flags_t flags{PA_STREAM_FIX_FORMAT | PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE |
+                                    PA_STREAM_FIX_CHANNELS | PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE};
+
+            pa_sample_spec spec;
+            spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_S16NE;
+            spec.rate = 44100;
+            spec.channels = 1;
+
+            auto stream{PulseCapture_connectStream(nullptr,
+                loop, context, flags, nullptr, &spec, nullptr
+            )};
+            if(stream)
+            {
+                auto op{pa_context_get_source_info_by_name(context,
+                    pa_stream_get_device_name(stream), PulseCapture_deviceCallback, loop
+                )};
+                wait_for_operation(op, loop);
+
+                pa_stream_disconnect(stream);
+                pa_stream_unref(stream);
+                stream = nullptr;
+            }
+
+            auto op{pa_context_get_source_info_list(context,
+                PulseCapture_deviceCallback, loop
+            )};
+            wait_for_operation(op, loop);
+
+            pa_context_disconnect(context);
+            pa_context_unref(context);
+        }
+        palock.unlock();
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_stop(loop);
+    }
+    if(loop)
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_free(loop);
+}
+
+
+static void PulseCapture_contextStateCallback(pa_context *context, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulseCapture*>(pdata)};
+    if(pa_context_get_state(context) == PA_CONTEXT_FAILED)
+    {
+        ERR("Received context failure!\n");
+        aluHandleDisconnect(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice, "Capture state failure");
+    }
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+}
+
+static void PulseCapture_streamStateCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulseCapture*>(pdata)};
+    if(pa_stream_get_state(stream) == PA_STREAM_FAILED)
+    {
+        ERR("Received stream failure!\n");
+        aluHandleDisconnect(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice, "Capture stream failure");
+    }
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void PulseCapture_sourceNameCallback(pa_context *UNUSED(context), const pa_source_info *info, int eol, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulseCapture*>(pdata)};
+
+    if(eol)
+    {
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_signal(self->loop, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice};
+    alstr_copy_cstr(&device->DeviceName, info->description);
+}
+
+
+static void PulseCapture_streamMovedCallback(pa_stream *stream, void *pdata)
+{
+    auto self{reinterpret_cast<PulseCapture*>(pdata)};
+
+    self->device_name = pa_stream_get_device_name(stream);
+
+    TRACE("Stream moved to %s\n", self->device_name.c_str());
+}
+
+
+static pa_stream *PulseCapture_connectStream(const char *device_name,
+    pa_threaded_mainloop *loop, pa_context *context,
+    pa_stream_flags_t flags, pa_buffer_attr *attr, pa_sample_spec *spec,
+    pa_channel_map *chanmap)
+{
+    auto stream{pa_stream_new_with_proplist(context,
+        "Capture Stream", spec, chanmap, prop_filter
+    )};
+    if(!stream)
+    {
+        ERR("pa_stream_new_with_proplist() failed: %s\n", pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(context)));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    pa_stream_set_state_callback(stream, stream_state_callback, loop);
+
+    if(pa_stream_connect_record(stream, device_name, attr, flags) < 0)
+    {
+        ERR("Stream did not connect: %s\n", pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(context)));
+        pa_stream_unref(stream);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    pa_stream_state_t state;
+    while((state=pa_stream_get_state(stream)) != PA_STREAM_READY)
+    {
+        if(!PA_STREAM_IS_GOOD(state))
+        {
+            ERR("Stream did not get ready: %s\n", pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(context)));
+            pa_stream_unref(stream);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        pa_threaded_mainloop_wait(loop);
+    }
+    pa_stream_set_state_callback(stream, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+    return stream;
+}
+
+
+static ALCenum PulseCapture_open(PulseCapture *self, const ALCchar *name)
+{
+    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice};
+    const char *pulse_name{nullptr};
+
+    if(name)
+    {
+        if(CaptureDevices.empty())
+            PulseCapture_probeDevices();
+
+        auto iter = std::find_if(CaptureDevices.cbegin(), CaptureDevices.cend(),
+            [name](const DevMap &entry) -> bool
+            { return entry.name == name; }
+        );
+        if(iter == CaptureDevices.cend())
+            return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+        pulse_name = iter->device_name.c_str();
+        alstr_copy_cstr(&device->DeviceName, iter->name.c_str());
+    }
+
+    std::tie(self->loop, self->context) = pulse_open(PulseCapture_contextStateCallback, self);
+    if(!self->loop) return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+
+    unique_palock palock{self->loop};
+
+    switch(device->FmtType)
+    {
+        case DevFmtUByte:
+            self->spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_U8;
+            break;
+        case DevFmtShort:
+            self->spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_S16NE;
+            break;
+        case DevFmtInt:
+            self->spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_S32NE;
+            break;
+        case DevFmtFloat:
+            self->spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32NE;
+            break;
+        case DevFmtByte:
+        case DevFmtUShort:
+        case DevFmtUInt:
+            ERR("%s capture samples not supported\n", DevFmtTypeString(device->FmtType));
+            return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    const char *mapname{nullptr};
+    pa_channel_map chanmap;
+    switch(device->FmtChans)
+    {
+        case DevFmtMono:
+            mapname = "mono";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtStereo:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtQuad:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtX51:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,side-left,side-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtX51Rear:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,rear-left,rear-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtX61:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,rear-center,side-left,side-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtX71:
+            mapname = "front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,rear-left,rear-right,side-left,side-right";
+            break;
+        case DevFmtAmbi3D:
+            ERR("%s capture samples not supported\n", DevFmtChannelsString(device->FmtChans));
+            return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+    if(!pa_channel_map_parse(&chanmap, mapname))
+    {
+        ERR("Failed to build channel map for %s\n", DevFmtChannelsString(device->FmtChans));
+        return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    self->spec.rate = device->Frequency;
+    self->spec.channels = ChannelsFromDevFmt(device->FmtChans, device->AmbiOrder);
+
+    if(pa_sample_spec_valid(&self->spec) == 0)
+    {
+        ERR("Invalid sample format\n");
+        return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    if(!pa_channel_map_init_auto(&chanmap, self->spec.channels, PA_CHANNEL_MAP_WAVEEX))
+    {
+        ERR("Couldn't build map for channel count (%d)!\n", self->spec.channels);
+        return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    ALuint samples{device->UpdateSize * device->NumUpdates};
+    samples = maxu(samples, 100 * device->Frequency / 1000);
+
+    self->attr.minreq = -1;
+    self->attr.prebuf = -1;
+    self->attr.maxlength = samples * pa_frame_size(&self->spec);
+    self->attr.tlength = -1;
+    self->attr.fragsize = minu(samples, 50*device->Frequency/1000) *
+                          pa_frame_size(&self->spec);
+
+    pa_stream_flags_t flags{PA_STREAM_START_CORKED|PA_STREAM_ADJUST_LATENCY};
+    if(!GetConfigValueBool(nullptr, "pulse", "allow-moves", 0))
+        flags |= PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE;
+
+    TRACE("Connecting to \"%s\"\n", pulse_name ? pulse_name : "(default)");
+    self->stream = PulseCapture_connectStream(pulse_name,
+        self->loop, self->context, flags, &self->attr, &self->spec, &chanmap
+    );
+    if(!self->stream)
+        return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
+    pa_stream_set_moved_callback(self->stream, PulseCapture_streamMovedCallback, self);
+    pa_stream_set_state_callback(self->stream, PulseCapture_streamStateCallback, self);
+
+    self->device_name = pa_stream_get_device_name(self->stream);
+    if(alstr_empty(device->DeviceName))
+    {
+        pa_operation *o = pa_context_get_source_info_by_name(self->context,
+            self->device_name.c_str(), PulseCapture_sourceNameCallback, self
+        );
+        wait_for_operation(o, self->loop);
+    }
+
+    return ALC_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+static ALCboolean PulseCapture_start(PulseCapture *self)
+{
+    palock_guard _{self->loop};
+    auto o = pa_stream_cork(self->stream, 0, stream_success_callback, self->loop);
+    wait_for_operation(o, self->loop);
+    return ALC_TRUE;
+}
+
+static void PulseCapture_stop(PulseCapture *self)
+{
+    palock_guard _{self->loop};
+    auto o = pa_stream_cork(self->stream, 1, stream_success_callback, self->loop);
+    wait_for_operation(o, self->loop);
+}
+
+static ALCenum PulseCapture_captureSamples(PulseCapture *self, ALCvoid *buffer, ALCuint samples)
+{
+    ALCdevice *device = STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice;
+    ALCuint todo = samples * pa_frame_size(&self->spec);
+
+    /* Capture is done in fragment-sized chunks, so we loop until we get all
+     * that's available */
+    self->last_readable -= todo;
+    unique_palock palock{self->loop};
+    while(todo > 0)
+    {
+        size_t rem = todo;
+
+        if(self->cap_len == 0)
+        {
+            auto state{pa_stream_get_state(self->stream)};
+            if(!PA_STREAM_IS_GOOD(state))
+            {
+                aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Bad capture state: %u", state);
+                return ALC_INVALID_DEVICE;
+            }
+            if(pa_stream_peek(self->stream, &self->cap_store, &self->cap_len) < 0)
+            {
+                ERR("pa_stream_peek() failed: %s\n",
+                    pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(self->context)));
+                aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Failed retrieving capture samples: %s",
+                                    pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(self->context)));
+                return ALC_INVALID_DEVICE;
+            }
+            self->cap_remain = self->cap_len;
+        }
+        if(rem > self->cap_remain)
+            rem = self->cap_remain;
+
+        memcpy(buffer, self->cap_store, rem);
+
+        buffer = (ALbyte*)buffer + rem;
+        todo -= rem;
+
+        self->cap_store = (ALbyte*)self->cap_store + rem;
+        self->cap_remain -= rem;
+        if(self->cap_remain == 0)
+        {
+            pa_stream_drop(self->stream);
+            self->cap_len = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    palock.unlock();
+    if(todo > 0)
+        memset(buffer, ((device->FmtType==DevFmtUByte) ? 0x80 : 0), todo);
+
+    return ALC_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+static ALCuint PulseCapture_availableSamples(PulseCapture *self)
+{
+    ALCdevice *device = STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice;
+    size_t readable = self->cap_remain;
+
+    if(ATOMIC_LOAD(&device->Connected, almemory_order_acquire))
+    {
+        palock_guard _{self->loop};
+        auto got{static_cast<ssize_t>(pa_stream_readable_size(self->stream))};
+        if(got < 0)
+        {
+            ERR("pa_stream_readable_size() failed: %s\n", pa_strerror(got));
+            aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Failed getting readable size: %s", pa_strerror(got));
+        }
+        else if((size_t)got > self->cap_len)
+            readable += got - self->cap_len;
+    }
+
+    if(self->last_readable < readable)
+        self->last_readable = readable;
+    return self->last_readable / pa_frame_size(&self->spec);
+}
+
+
+static ClockLatency PulseCapture_getClockLatency(PulseCapture *self)
+{
+    ClockLatency ret;
+    pa_usec_t latency;
+    int neg, err;
+
+    { palock_guard _{self->loop};
+        ret.ClockTime = GetDeviceClockTime(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend,self)->mDevice);
+        err = pa_stream_get_latency(self->stream, &latency, &neg);
+    }
+
+    if(UNLIKELY(err != 0))
+    {
+        ERR("Failed to get stream latency: 0x%x\n", err);
+        latency = 0;
+        neg = 0;
+    }
+    else if(UNLIKELY(neg))
+        latency = 0;
+    ret.Latency = (ALint64)minu64(latency, U64(0x7fffffffffffffff)/1000) * 1000;
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+static void PulseCapture_lock(PulseCapture *self)
+{
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_lock(self->loop);
+}
+
+static void PulseCapture_unlock(PulseCapture *self)
+{
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(self->loop);
+}
+
+
+typedef struct ALCpulseBackendFactory {
+    DERIVE_FROM_TYPE(ALCbackendFactory);
+} ALCpulseBackendFactory;
+#define ALCPULSEBACKENDFACTORY_INITIALIZER { GET_VTABLE2(ALCpulseBackendFactory, ALCbackendFactory) }
+
+static ALCboolean ALCpulseBackendFactory_init(ALCpulseBackendFactory *self);
+static void ALCpulseBackendFactory_deinit(ALCpulseBackendFactory *self);
+static ALCboolean ALCpulseBackendFactory_querySupport(ALCpulseBackendFactory *self, ALCbackend_Type type);
+static void ALCpulseBackendFactory_probe(ALCpulseBackendFactory *self, enum DevProbe type, al_string *outnames);
+static ALCbackend* ALCpulseBackendFactory_createBackend(ALCpulseBackendFactory *self, ALCdevice *device, ALCbackend_Type type);
+DEFINE_ALCBACKENDFACTORY_VTABLE(ALCpulseBackendFactory);
+
+
+static ALCboolean ALCpulseBackendFactory_init(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self))
+{
+    ALCboolean ret{ALC_FALSE};
+
+    if(pulse_load())
+    {
+        pulse_ctx_flags = PA_CONTEXT_NOFLAGS;
+        if(!GetConfigValueBool(nullptr, "pulse", "spawn-server", 1))
+            pulse_ctx_flags |= PA_CONTEXT_NOAUTOSPAWN;
+
+        auto loop{pa_threaded_mainloop_new()};
+        if(loop && pa_threaded_mainloop_start(loop) >= 0)
+        {
+            unique_palock palock{loop};
+            auto context = connect_context(loop, AL_TRUE);
+            if(context)
+            {
+                ret = ALC_TRUE;
+
+                /* Some libraries (Phonon, Qt) set some pulseaudio properties
+                 * through environment variables, which causes all streams in
+                 * the process to inherit them. This attempts to filter those
+                 * properties out by setting them to 0-length data. */
+                prop_filter = pa_proplist_new();
+                pa_proplist_set(prop_filter, PA_PROP_MEDIA_ROLE, nullptr, 0);
+                pa_proplist_set(prop_filter, "phonon.streamid", nullptr, 0);
+
+                pa_context_disconnect(context);
+                pa_context_unref(context);
+            }
+            palock.unlock();
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_stop(loop);
+        }
+        if(loop)
+            pa_threaded_mainloop_free(loop);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void ALCpulseBackendFactory_deinit(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self))
+{
+    PlaybackDevices.clear();
+    CaptureDevices.clear();
+
+    if(prop_filter)
+        pa_proplist_free(prop_filter);
+    prop_filter = nullptr;
+
+    /* PulseAudio doesn't like being CloseLib'd sometimes */
+}
+
+static ALCboolean ALCpulseBackendFactory_querySupport(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self), ALCbackend_Type type)
+{
+    if(type == ALCbackend_Playback || type == ALCbackend_Capture)
+        return ALC_TRUE;
+    return ALC_FALSE;
+}
+
+static void ALCpulseBackendFactory_probe(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self), enum DevProbe type, al_string *outnames)
+{
+    auto add_device{
+        [outnames](const DevMap &entry) -> void
+        {
+            auto name{entry.name.c_str()};
+            auto namelen{entry.name.length()};
+            /* +1 to also append the null char (to ensure a null-separated list
+             * and double-null terminated list).
+             */
+            alstr_append_range(outnames, name, name + namelen+1);
+        }
+    };
+    switch(type)
+    {
+        case ALL_DEVICE_PROBE:
+            PulsePlayback_probeDevices();
+            std::for_each(PlaybackDevices.cbegin(), PlaybackDevices.cend(), add_device);
+            break;
+
+        case CAPTURE_DEVICE_PROBE:
+            PulseCapture_probeDevices();
+            std::for_each(CaptureDevices.cbegin(), CaptureDevices.cend(), add_device);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+static ALCbackend* ALCpulseBackendFactory_createBackend(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self), ALCdevice *device, ALCbackend_Type type)
+{
+    if(type == ALCbackend_Playback)
+    {
+        PulsePlayback *backend;
+        NEW_OBJ(backend, PulsePlayback)(device);
+        if(!backend) return nullptr;
+        return STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, backend);
+    }
+    if(type == ALCbackend_Capture)
+    {
+        PulseCapture *backend;
+        NEW_OBJ(backend, PulseCapture)(device);
+        if(!backend) return nullptr;
+        return STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, backend);
+    }
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+
+#else /* PA_API_VERSION == 12 */
+
+#warning "Unsupported API version, backend will be unavailable!"
+
+typedef struct ALCpulseBackendFactory {
+    DERIVE_FROM_TYPE(ALCbackendFactory);
+} ALCpulseBackendFactory;
+#define ALCPULSEBACKENDFACTORY_INITIALIZER { GET_VTABLE2(ALCpulseBackendFactory, ALCbackendFactory) }
+
+static ALCboolean ALCpulseBackendFactory_init(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self))
+{
+    return ALC_FALSE;
+}
+
+static void ALCpulseBackendFactory_deinit(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self))
+{
+}
+
+static ALCboolean ALCpulseBackendFactory_querySupport(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self), ALCbackend_Type UNUSED(type))
+{
+    return ALC_FALSE;
+}
+
+static void ALCpulseBackendFactory_probe(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self), enum DevProbe UNUSED(type), al_string* UNUSED(outnames))
+{
+}
+
+static ALCbackend* ALCpulseBackendFactory_createBackend(ALCpulseBackendFactory* UNUSED(self), ALCdevice* UNUSED(device), ALCbackend_Type UNUSED(type))
+{
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+DEFINE_ALCBACKENDFACTORY_VTABLE(ALCpulseBackendFactory);
+
+#endif /* PA_API_VERSION == 12 */
+
+ALCbackendFactory *ALCpulseBackendFactory_getFactory(void)
+{
+    static ALCpulseBackendFactory factory{ALCPULSEBACKENDFACTORY_INITIALIZER};
+    return STATIC_CAST(ALCbackendFactory, &factory);
+}