Add methods to "map" a buffer's storage

Requires the MAP_READ_BIT or MAP_WRITE_BIT flags to be OR'd with the format
upon a call to alBufferData, to enable mappable storage for the given access
types. This will fail if the format requires internal conversion and doesn't
resemble the original input data, so the app can be guaranteed the size, type,
and layout of the original data is the same as what's in storage.

Then alMapBufferSOFT may be called with appropriate bit flags to get a readable
and/or writable pointer to the buffer's sample storage. alUnmapBufferSOFT must
be called when access is finished. It is currently invalid to map a buffer that
is attached to a source, or to attach a buffer to a source that is currently
mapped. This restriction may be eased in the future, at least to allow read-
only access while in use (perhaps also to allow writing, if coherency can be
achieved).

Currently the access flags occupy the upper 8 bits of a 32-bit bitfield to
avoid clashing with format enum values, which don't use more than 16 or 17
bits. This means any future formats are limited to 24-bit enum values, and also
means only 8 flags are possible when declaring storage. The alternative would
be to add a new function (alBufferStorage?) with a separate flags parameter.

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