/**
 * OpenAL cross platform audio library
 * Copyright (C) 1999-2007 by authors.
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
 *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 *  version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 *  Library General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
 *  License along with this library; if not, write to the
 *  Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 *  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 * Or go to http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lgpl.html
 */

#include "config.h"

#include "backends/alsa.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory.h>

#include <atomic>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

#include "alMain.h"
#include "alu.h"
#include "alconfig.h"
#include "ringbuffer.h"
#include "compat.h"

#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>


namespace {

constexpr ALCchar alsaDevice[] = "ALSA Default";


#ifdef HAVE_DYNLOAD
#define ALSA_FUNCS(MAGIC)                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_strerror);                                                      \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_open);                                                      \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_close);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_nonblock);                                                  \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes);                                           \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_bytes_to_frames);                                           \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc);                                          \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_free);                                            \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_any);                                             \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_current);                                         \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access);                                      \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format);                                      \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels);                                    \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near);                                \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near);                                   \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate);                                        \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample);                               \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_time_near);                            \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_time_near);                            \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near);                            \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near);                            \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_min);                             \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_time_min);                             \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_time_max);                             \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time_min);                             \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time_max);                             \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size);                                 \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size);                                 \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access);                                      \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods);                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format);                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params_test_channels);                                   \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_hw_params);                                                 \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc);                                          \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_sw_params_current);                                         \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min);                                   \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold);                              \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_sw_params);                                                 \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_sw_params_free);                                            \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_prepare);                                                   \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_start);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_resume);                                                    \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_reset);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_wait);                                                      \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_delay);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_state);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_avail_update);                                              \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_areas_silence);                                             \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_mmap_begin);                                                \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_mmap_commit);                                               \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_readi);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_writei);                                                    \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_drain);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_drop);                                                      \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_recover);                                                   \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_info_malloc);                                               \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_info_free);                                                 \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_info_set_device);                                           \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_info_set_subdevice);                                        \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_info_set_stream);                                           \
    MAGIC(snd_pcm_info_get_name);                                             \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_pcm_next_device);                                           \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_pcm_info);                                                  \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_open);                                                      \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_close);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_card_info_malloc);                                          \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_card_info_free);                                            \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_card_info);                                                 \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_card_info_get_name);                                        \
    MAGIC(snd_ctl_card_info_get_id);                                          \
    MAGIC(snd_card_next);                                                     \
    MAGIC(snd_config_update_free_global)

static void *alsa_handle;
#define MAKE_FUNC(f) decltype(f) * p##f
ALSA_FUNCS(MAKE_FUNC);
#undef MAKE_FUNC

#ifndef IN_IDE_PARSER
#define snd_strerror psnd_strerror
#define snd_pcm_open psnd_pcm_open
#define snd_pcm_close psnd_pcm_close
#define snd_pcm_nonblock psnd_pcm_nonblock
#define snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes psnd_pcm_frames_to_bytes
#define snd_pcm_bytes_to_frames psnd_pcm_bytes_to_frames
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc psnd_pcm_hw_params_malloc
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_free psnd_pcm_hw_params_free
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_any psnd_pcm_hw_params_any
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_current psnd_pcm_hw_params_current
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_access
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_format
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_time_near psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_time_near
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_time_near psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_time_near
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_min psnd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_min
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_time_min psnd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_time_min
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_time_max psnd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_time_max
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time_min psnd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time_min
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time_max psnd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time_max
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size psnd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size psnd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access psnd_pcm_hw_params_get_access
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods psnd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format psnd_pcm_hw_params_test_format
#define snd_pcm_hw_params_test_channels psnd_pcm_hw_params_test_channels
#define snd_pcm_hw_params psnd_pcm_hw_params
#define snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc psnd_pcm_sw_params_malloc
#define snd_pcm_sw_params_current psnd_pcm_sw_params_current
#define snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min psnd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min
#define snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold psnd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold
#define snd_pcm_sw_params psnd_pcm_sw_params
#define snd_pcm_sw_params_free psnd_pcm_sw_params_free
#define snd_pcm_prepare psnd_pcm_prepare
#define snd_pcm_start psnd_pcm_start
#define snd_pcm_resume psnd_pcm_resume
#define snd_pcm_reset psnd_pcm_reset
#define snd_pcm_wait psnd_pcm_wait
#define snd_pcm_delay psnd_pcm_delay
#define snd_pcm_state psnd_pcm_state
#define snd_pcm_avail_update psnd_pcm_avail_update
#define snd_pcm_areas_silence psnd_pcm_areas_silence
#define snd_pcm_mmap_begin psnd_pcm_mmap_begin
#define snd_pcm_mmap_commit psnd_pcm_mmap_commit
#define snd_pcm_readi psnd_pcm_readi
#define snd_pcm_writei psnd_pcm_writei
#define snd_pcm_drain psnd_pcm_drain
#define snd_pcm_drop psnd_pcm_drop
#define snd_pcm_recover psnd_pcm_recover
#define snd_pcm_info_malloc psnd_pcm_info_malloc
#define snd_pcm_info_free psnd_pcm_info_free
#define snd_pcm_info_set_device psnd_pcm_info_set_device
#define snd_pcm_info_set_subdevice psnd_pcm_info_set_subdevice
#define snd_pcm_info_set_stream psnd_pcm_info_set_stream
#define snd_pcm_info_get_name psnd_pcm_info_get_name
#define snd_ctl_pcm_next_device psnd_ctl_pcm_next_device
#define snd_ctl_pcm_info psnd_ctl_pcm_info
#define snd_ctl_open psnd_ctl_open
#define snd_ctl_close psnd_ctl_close
#define snd_ctl_card_info_malloc psnd_ctl_card_info_malloc
#define snd_ctl_card_info_free psnd_ctl_card_info_free
#define snd_ctl_card_info psnd_ctl_card_info
#define snd_ctl_card_info_get_name psnd_ctl_card_info_get_name
#define snd_ctl_card_info_get_id psnd_ctl_card_info_get_id
#define snd_card_next psnd_card_next
#define snd_config_update_free_global psnd_config_update_free_global
#endif
#endif


bool alsa_load(void)
{
    bool error{false};

#ifdef HAVE_DYNLOAD
    if(!alsa_handle)
    {
        std::string missing_funcs;

        alsa_handle = LoadLib("libasound.so.2");
        if(!alsa_handle)
        {
            WARN("Failed to load %s\n", "libasound.so.2");
            return ALC_FALSE;
        }

        error = ALC_FALSE;
#define LOAD_FUNC(f) do {                                                     \
    p##f = reinterpret_cast<decltype(p##f)>(GetSymbol(alsa_handle, #f));      \
    if(p##f == nullptr) {                                                     \
        error = true;                                                         \
        missing_funcs += "\n" #f;                                             \
    }                                                                         \
} while(0)
        ALSA_FUNCS(LOAD_FUNC);
#undef LOAD_FUNC

        if(error)
        {
            WARN("Missing expected functions:%s\n", missing_funcs.c_str());
            CloseLib(alsa_handle);
            alsa_handle = nullptr;
        }
    }
#endif

    return !error;
}


struct DevMap {
    std::string name;
    std::string device_name;

    template<typename StrT0, typename StrT1>
    DevMap(StrT0&& name_, StrT1&& devname_)
      : name{std::forward<StrT0>(name_)}, device_name{std::forward<StrT1>(devname_)}
    { }
};

al::vector<DevMap> PlaybackDevices;
al::vector<DevMap> CaptureDevices;


const char *prefix_name(snd_pcm_stream_t stream)
{
    assert(stream == SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK || stream == SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
    return (stream==SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) ? "device-prefix" : "capture-prefix";
}

al::vector<DevMap> probe_devices(snd_pcm_stream_t stream)
{
    al::vector<DevMap> devlist;

    snd_ctl_card_info_t *info;
    snd_ctl_card_info_malloc(&info);
    snd_pcm_info_t *pcminfo;
    snd_pcm_info_malloc(&pcminfo);

    devlist.emplace_back(alsaDevice,
        GetConfigValue(nullptr, "alsa", (stream==SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) ? "device" : "capture",
            "default")
    );

    if(stream == SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
    {
        const char *customdevs;
        const char *next{GetConfigValue(nullptr, "alsa", "custom-devices", "")};
        while((customdevs=next) != nullptr && customdevs[0])
        {
            next = strchr(customdevs, ';');
            const char *sep{strchr(customdevs, '=')};
            if(!sep)
            {
                std::string spec{next ? std::string(customdevs, next++) : std::string(customdevs)};
                ERR("Invalid ALSA device specification \"%s\"\n", spec.c_str());
                continue;
            }

            const char *oldsep{sep++};
            devlist.emplace_back(std::string(customdevs, oldsep),
                next ? std::string(sep, next++) : std::string(sep));
            const auto &entry = devlist.back();
            TRACE("Got device \"%s\", \"%s\"\n", entry.name.c_str(), entry.device_name.c_str());
        }
    }

    const char *main_prefix{"plughw:"};
    ConfigValueStr(nullptr, "alsa", prefix_name(stream), &main_prefix);

    int card{-1};
    int err{snd_card_next(&card)};
    for(;err >= 0 && card >= 0;err = snd_card_next(&card))
    {
        std::string name{"hw:" + std::to_string(card)};

        snd_ctl_t *handle;
        if((err=snd_ctl_open(&handle, name.c_str(), 0)) < 0)
        {
            ERR("control open (hw:%d): %s\n", card, snd_strerror(err));
            continue;
        }
        if((err=snd_ctl_card_info(handle, info)) < 0)
        {
            ERR("control hardware info (hw:%d): %s\n", card, snd_strerror(err));
            snd_ctl_close(handle);
            continue;
        }

        const char *cardname{snd_ctl_card_info_get_name(info)};
        const char *cardid{snd_ctl_card_info_get_id(info)};
        name = prefix_name(stream);
        name += '-';
        name += cardid;

        const char *card_prefix{main_prefix};
        ConfigValueStr(nullptr, "alsa", name.c_str(), &card_prefix);

        int dev{-1};
        while(1)
        {
            if(snd_ctl_pcm_next_device(handle, &dev) < 0)
                ERR("snd_ctl_pcm_next_device failed\n");
            if(dev < 0) break;

            snd_pcm_info_set_device(pcminfo, dev);
            snd_pcm_info_set_subdevice(pcminfo, 0);
            snd_pcm_info_set_stream(pcminfo, stream);
            if((err=snd_ctl_pcm_info(handle, pcminfo)) < 0)
            {
                if(err != -ENOENT)
                    ERR("control digital audio info (hw:%d): %s\n", card, snd_strerror(err));
                continue;
            }

            /* "prefix-cardid-dev" */
            name = prefix_name(stream);
            name += '-';
            name += cardid;
            name += '-';
            name += std::to_string(dev);
            const char *device_prefix{card_prefix};
            ConfigValueStr(nullptr, "alsa", name.c_str(), &device_prefix);

            /* "CardName, PcmName (CARD=cardid,DEV=dev)" */
            name = cardname;
            name += ", ";
            name += snd_pcm_info_get_name(pcminfo);
            name += " (CARD=";
            name += cardid;
            name += ",DEV=";
            name += std::to_string(dev);
            name += ')';

            /* "devprefixCARD=cardid,DEV=dev" */
            std::string device{device_prefix};
            device += "CARD=";
            device += cardid;
            device += ",DEV=";
            device += std::to_string(dev);
            
            devlist.emplace_back(std::move(name), std::move(device));
            const auto &entry = devlist.back();
            TRACE("Got device \"%s\", \"%s\"\n", entry.name.c_str(), entry.device_name.c_str());
        }
        snd_ctl_close(handle);
    }
    if(err < 0)
        ERR("snd_card_next failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));

    snd_pcm_info_free(pcminfo);
    snd_ctl_card_info_free(info);

    return devlist;
}


int verify_state(snd_pcm_t *handle)
{
    snd_pcm_state_t state{snd_pcm_state(handle)};

    int err;
    switch(state)
    {
        case SND_PCM_STATE_OPEN:
        case SND_PCM_STATE_SETUP:
        case SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
        case SND_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
        case SND_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
            /* All Okay */
            break;

        case SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
            if((err=snd_pcm_recover(handle, -EPIPE, 1)) < 0)
                return err;
            break;
        case SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
            if((err=snd_pcm_recover(handle, -ESTRPIPE, 1)) < 0)
                return err;
            break;
        case SND_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED:
            return -ENODEV;
    }

    return state;
}


struct ALCplaybackAlsa final : public ALCbackend {
    snd_pcm_t *PcmHandle{nullptr};

    al::vector<char> Buffer;

    std::atomic<ALenum> mKillNow{AL_TRUE};
    std::thread mThread;
};

int ALCplaybackAlsa_mixerProc(ALCplaybackAlsa *self);
int ALCplaybackAlsa_mixerNoMMapProc(ALCplaybackAlsa *self);

void ALCplaybackAlsa_Construct(ALCplaybackAlsa *self, ALCdevice *device);
void ALCplaybackAlsa_Destruct(ALCplaybackAlsa *self);
ALCenum ALCplaybackAlsa_open(ALCplaybackAlsa *self, const ALCchar *name);
ALCboolean ALCplaybackAlsa_reset(ALCplaybackAlsa *self);
ALCboolean ALCplaybackAlsa_start(ALCplaybackAlsa *self);
void ALCplaybackAlsa_stop(ALCplaybackAlsa *self);
DECLARE_FORWARD2(ALCplaybackAlsa, ALCbackend, ALCenum, captureSamples, void*, ALCuint)
DECLARE_FORWARD(ALCplaybackAlsa, ALCbackend, ALCuint, availableSamples)
ClockLatency ALCplaybackAlsa_getClockLatency(ALCplaybackAlsa *self);
DECLARE_FORWARD(ALCplaybackAlsa, ALCbackend, void, lock)
DECLARE_FORWARD(ALCplaybackAlsa, ALCbackend, void, unlock)
DECLARE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATORS(ALCplaybackAlsa)
DEFINE_ALCBACKEND_VTABLE(ALCplaybackAlsa);


void ALCplaybackAlsa_Construct(ALCplaybackAlsa *self, ALCdevice *device)
{
    new (self) ALCplaybackAlsa{};
    ALCbackend_Construct(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self), device);
    SET_VTABLE2(ALCplaybackAlsa, ALCbackend, self);
}

void ALCplaybackAlsa_Destruct(ALCplaybackAlsa *self)
{
    if(self->PcmHandle)
        snd_pcm_close(self->PcmHandle);
    self->PcmHandle = nullptr;

    ALCbackend_Destruct(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self));
    self->~ALCplaybackAlsa();
}


int ALCplaybackAlsa_mixerProc(ALCplaybackAlsa *self)
{
    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice};

    SetRTPriority();
    althrd_setname(MIXER_THREAD_NAME);

    snd_pcm_uframes_t update_size{device->UpdateSize};
    snd_pcm_uframes_t num_updates{device->NumUpdates};
    while(!self->mKillNow.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
    {
        int state{verify_state(self->PcmHandle)};
        if(state < 0)
        {
            ERR("Invalid state detected: %s\n", snd_strerror(state));
            ALCplaybackAlsa_lock(self);
            aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Bad state: %s", snd_strerror(state));
            ALCplaybackAlsa_unlock(self);
            break;
        }

        snd_pcm_sframes_t avail{snd_pcm_avail_update(self->PcmHandle)};
        if(avail < 0)
        {
            ERR("available update failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(avail));
            continue;
        }

        if((snd_pcm_uframes_t)avail > update_size*(num_updates+1))
        {
            WARN("available samples exceeds the buffer size\n");
            snd_pcm_reset(self->PcmHandle);
            continue;
        }

        // make sure there's frames to process
        if((snd_pcm_uframes_t)avail < update_size)
        {
            if(state != SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
            {
                int err{snd_pcm_start(self->PcmHandle)};
                if(err < 0)
                {
                    ERR("start failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if(snd_pcm_wait(self->PcmHandle, 1000) == 0)
                ERR("Wait timeout... buffer size too low?\n");
            continue;
        }
        avail -= avail%update_size;

        // it is possible that contiguous areas are smaller, thus we use a loop
        ALCplaybackAlsa_lock(self);
        while(avail > 0)
        {
            snd_pcm_uframes_t frames{static_cast<snd_pcm_uframes_t>(avail)};

            const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas{};
            snd_pcm_uframes_t offset{};
            int err{snd_pcm_mmap_begin(self->PcmHandle, &areas, &offset, &frames)};
            if(err < 0)
            {
                ERR("mmap begin error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                break;
            }

            char *WritePtr{(char*)areas->addr + (offset * areas->step / 8)};
            aluMixData(device, WritePtr, frames);

            snd_pcm_sframes_t commitres{snd_pcm_mmap_commit(self->PcmHandle, offset, frames)};
            if(commitres < 0 || (commitres-frames) != 0)
            {
                ERR("mmap commit error: %s\n",
                    snd_strerror(commitres >= 0 ? -EPIPE : commitres));
                break;
            }

            avail -= frames;
        }
        ALCplaybackAlsa_unlock(self);
    }

    return 0;
}

int ALCplaybackAlsa_mixerNoMMapProc(ALCplaybackAlsa *self)
{
    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice};

    SetRTPriority();
    althrd_setname(MIXER_THREAD_NAME);

    snd_pcm_uframes_t update_size{device->UpdateSize};
    snd_pcm_uframes_t num_updates{device->NumUpdates};
    while(!self->mKillNow.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
    {
        int state{verify_state(self->PcmHandle)};
        if(state < 0)
        {
            ERR("Invalid state detected: %s\n", snd_strerror(state));
            ALCplaybackAlsa_lock(self);
            aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Bad state: %s", snd_strerror(state));
            ALCplaybackAlsa_unlock(self);
            break;
        }

        snd_pcm_sframes_t avail{snd_pcm_avail_update(self->PcmHandle)};
        if(avail < 0)
        {
            ERR("available update failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(avail));
            continue;
        }

        if((snd_pcm_uframes_t)avail > update_size*num_updates)
        {
            WARN("available samples exceeds the buffer size\n");
            snd_pcm_reset(self->PcmHandle);
            continue;
        }

        if((snd_pcm_uframes_t)avail < update_size)
        {
            if(state != SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
            {
                int err{snd_pcm_start(self->PcmHandle)};
                if(err < 0)
                {
                    ERR("start failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if(snd_pcm_wait(self->PcmHandle, 1000) == 0)
                ERR("Wait timeout... buffer size too low?\n");
            continue;
        }

        ALCplaybackAlsa_lock(self);
        char *WritePtr{self->Buffer.data()};
        avail = snd_pcm_bytes_to_frames(self->PcmHandle, self->Buffer.size());
        aluMixData(device, WritePtr, avail);
        while(avail > 0)
        {
            int ret = snd_pcm_writei(self->PcmHandle, WritePtr, avail);
            switch (ret)
            {
            case -EAGAIN:
                continue;
#if ESTRPIPE != EPIPE
            case -ESTRPIPE:
#endif
            case -EPIPE:
            case -EINTR:
                ret = snd_pcm_recover(self->PcmHandle, ret, 1);
                if(ret < 0)
                    avail = 0;
                break;
            default:
                if (ret >= 0)
                {
                    WritePtr += snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes(self->PcmHandle, ret);
                    avail -= ret;
                }
                break;
            }
            if (ret < 0)
            {
                ret = snd_pcm_prepare(self->PcmHandle);
                if(ret < 0)
                    break;
            }
        }
        ALCplaybackAlsa_unlock(self);
    }

    return 0;
}


ALCenum ALCplaybackAlsa_open(ALCplaybackAlsa *self, const ALCchar *name)
{
    const char *driver{};
    if(name)
    {
        if(PlaybackDevices.empty())
            PlaybackDevices = probe_devices(SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);

        auto iter = std::find_if(PlaybackDevices.cbegin(), PlaybackDevices.cend(),
            [name](const DevMap &entry) -> bool
            { return entry.name == name; }
        );
        if(iter == PlaybackDevices.cend())
            return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
        driver = iter->device_name.c_str();
    }
    else
    {
        name = alsaDevice;
        driver = GetConfigValue(nullptr, "alsa", "device", "default");
    }

    TRACE("Opening device \"%s\"\n", driver);
    int err{snd_pcm_open(&self->PcmHandle, driver, SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, SND_PCM_NONBLOCK)};
    if(err < 0)
    {
        ERR("Could not open playback device '%s': %s\n", driver, snd_strerror(err));
        return ALC_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    /* Free alsa's global config tree. Otherwise valgrind reports a ton of leaks. */
    snd_config_update_free_global();

    ALCdevice *device = STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice;
    device->DeviceName = name;

    return ALC_NO_ERROR;
}

ALCboolean ALCplaybackAlsa_reset(ALCplaybackAlsa *self)
{
    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice};

    snd_pcm_format_t format{SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN};
    switch(device->FmtType)
    {
        case DevFmtByte:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
            break;
        case DevFmtUByte:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8;
            break;
        case DevFmtShort:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
            break;
        case DevFmtUShort:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16;
            break;
        case DevFmtInt:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
            break;
        case DevFmtUInt:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32;
            break;
        case DevFmtFloat:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
            break;
    }

    bool allowmmap{!!GetConfigValueBool(device->DeviceName.c_str(), "alsa", "mmap", 1)};
    ALuint periods{device->NumUpdates};
    ALuint periodLen{static_cast<ALuint>(device->UpdateSize * U64(1000000) / device->Frequency)};
    ALuint bufferLen{periodLen * periods};
    ALuint rate{device->Frequency};

    snd_pcm_uframes_t periodSizeInFrames;
    snd_pcm_sw_params_t *sp{};
    snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hp{};
    snd_pcm_access_t access;
    const char *funcerr;
    int dir, err;
    snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc(&hp);
#define CHECK(x) if((funcerr=#x),(err=(x)) < 0) goto error
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_any(self->PcmHandle, hp));
    /* set interleaved access */
    if(!allowmmap || snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(self->PcmHandle, hp, SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED) < 0)
    {
        /* No mmap */
        CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(self->PcmHandle, hp, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED));
    }
    /* test and set format (implicitly sets sample bits) */
    if(snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(self->PcmHandle, hp, format) < 0)
    {
        static const struct {
            snd_pcm_format_t format;
            enum DevFmtType fmttype;
        } formatlist[] = {
            { SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT, DevFmtFloat  },
            { SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32,   DevFmtInt    },
            { SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32,   DevFmtUInt   },
            { SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16,   DevFmtShort  },
            { SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16,   DevFmtUShort },
            { SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8,    DevFmtByte   },
            { SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8,    DevFmtUByte  },
        };

        for(const auto &fmt : formatlist)
        {
            format = fmt.format;
            if(snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(self->PcmHandle, hp, format) >= 0)
            {
                device->FmtType = fmt.fmttype;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(self->PcmHandle, hp, format));
    /* test and set channels (implicitly sets frame bits) */
    if(snd_pcm_hw_params_test_channels(self->PcmHandle, hp, device->channelsFromFmt()) < 0)
    {
        static const enum DevFmtChannels channellist[] = {
            DevFmtStereo,
            DevFmtQuad,
            DevFmtX51,
            DevFmtX71,
            DevFmtMono,
        };

        for(const auto &chan : channellist)
        {
            if(snd_pcm_hw_params_test_channels(self->PcmHandle, hp, ChannelsFromDevFmt(chan, 0)) >= 0)
            {
                device->FmtChans = chan;
                device->mAmbiOrder = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(self->PcmHandle, hp, device->channelsFromFmt()));
    /* set rate (implicitly constrains period/buffer parameters) */
    if(!GetConfigValueBool(device->DeviceName.c_str(), "alsa", "allow-resampler", 0) ||
       !(device->Flags&DEVICE_FREQUENCY_REQUEST))
    {
        if(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample(self->PcmHandle, hp, 0) < 0)
            ERR("Failed to disable ALSA resampler\n");
    }
    else if(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample(self->PcmHandle, hp, 1) < 0)
        ERR("Failed to enable ALSA resampler\n");
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(self->PcmHandle, hp, &rate, nullptr));
    /* set buffer time (implicitly constrains period/buffer parameters) */
    if((err=snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_time_near(self->PcmHandle, hp, &bufferLen, nullptr)) < 0)
        ERR("snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_time_near failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
    /* set period time (implicitly sets buffer size/bytes/time and period size/bytes) */
    if((err=snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_time_near(self->PcmHandle, hp, &periodLen, nullptr)) < 0)
        ERR("snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_time_near failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
    /* install and prepare hardware configuration */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params(self->PcmHandle, hp));

    /* retrieve configuration info */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access(hp, &access));
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(hp, &periodSizeInFrames, nullptr));
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods(hp, &periods, &dir));
    if(dir != 0)
        WARN("Inexact period count: %u (%d)\n", periods, dir);
    snd_pcm_hw_params_free(hp);
    hp = nullptr;

    snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc(&sp);
    CHECK(snd_pcm_sw_params_current(self->PcmHandle, sp));
    CHECK(snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min(self->PcmHandle, sp, periodSizeInFrames));
    CHECK(snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold(self->PcmHandle, sp, periodSizeInFrames*periods));
    CHECK(snd_pcm_sw_params(self->PcmHandle, sp));
#undef CHECK
    snd_pcm_sw_params_free(sp);
    sp = nullptr;

    device->NumUpdates = periods;
    device->UpdateSize = periodSizeInFrames;
    device->Frequency = rate;

    SetDefaultChannelOrder(device);

    return ALC_TRUE;

error:
    ERR("%s failed: %s\n", funcerr, snd_strerror(err));
    if(hp) snd_pcm_hw_params_free(hp);
    if(sp) snd_pcm_sw_params_free(sp);
    return ALC_FALSE;
}

ALCboolean ALCplaybackAlsa_start(ALCplaybackAlsa *self)
{
    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice};
    int (*thread_func)(ALCplaybackAlsa*){};
    snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hp{};
    snd_pcm_access_t access;
    const char *funcerr;
    int err;

    snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc(&hp);
#define CHECK(x) if((funcerr=#x),(err=(x)) < 0) goto error
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_current(self->PcmHandle, hp));
    /* retrieve configuration info */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access(hp, &access));
#undef CHECK
    snd_pcm_hw_params_free(hp);
    hp = nullptr;

    if(access == SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED)
    {
        self->Buffer.resize(snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes(self->PcmHandle, device->UpdateSize));
        thread_func = ALCplaybackAlsa_mixerNoMMapProc;
    }
    else
    {
        err = snd_pcm_prepare(self->PcmHandle);
        if(err < 0)
        {
            ERR("snd_pcm_prepare(data->PcmHandle) failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
            return ALC_FALSE;
        }
        thread_func = ALCplaybackAlsa_mixerProc;
    }

    try {
        self->mKillNow.store(AL_FALSE, std::memory_order_release);
        self->mThread = std::thread(thread_func, self);
        return ALC_TRUE;
    }
    catch(std::exception& e) {
        ERR("Could not create playback thread: %s\n", e.what());
    }
    catch(...) {
    }
    self->Buffer.clear();
    return ALC_FALSE;

error:
    ERR("%s failed: %s\n", funcerr, snd_strerror(err));
    if(hp) snd_pcm_hw_params_free(hp);
    return ALC_FALSE;
}

void ALCplaybackAlsa_stop(ALCplaybackAlsa *self)
{
    if(self->mKillNow.exchange(AL_TRUE, std::memory_order_acq_rel) || !self->mThread.joinable())
        return;

    self->mThread.join();

    self->Buffer.clear();
}

ClockLatency ALCplaybackAlsa_getClockLatency(ALCplaybackAlsa *self)
{
    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice};
    ClockLatency ret;

    ALCplaybackAlsa_lock(self);
    ret.ClockTime = GetDeviceClockTime(device);
    snd_pcm_sframes_t delay{};
    int err{snd_pcm_delay(self->PcmHandle, &delay)};
    if(err < 0)
    {
        ERR("Failed to get pcm delay: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
        delay = 0;
    }
    ret.Latency  = std::chrono::seconds{std::max<snd_pcm_sframes_t>(0, delay)};
    ret.Latency /= device->Frequency;
    ALCplaybackAlsa_unlock(self);

    return ret;
}


struct ALCcaptureAlsa final : public ALCbackend {
    snd_pcm_t *PcmHandle{nullptr};

    al::vector<char> Buffer;

    bool DoCapture{false};
    ll_ringbuffer_t *Ring{nullptr};

    snd_pcm_sframes_t mLastAvail{0};
};

void ALCcaptureAlsa_Construct(ALCcaptureAlsa *self, ALCdevice *device);
void ALCcaptureAlsa_Destruct(ALCcaptureAlsa *self);
ALCenum ALCcaptureAlsa_open(ALCcaptureAlsa *self, const ALCchar *name);
DECLARE_FORWARD(ALCcaptureAlsa, ALCbackend, ALCboolean, reset)
ALCboolean ALCcaptureAlsa_start(ALCcaptureAlsa *self);
void ALCcaptureAlsa_stop(ALCcaptureAlsa *self);
ALCenum ALCcaptureAlsa_captureSamples(ALCcaptureAlsa *self, ALCvoid *buffer, ALCuint samples);
ALCuint ALCcaptureAlsa_availableSamples(ALCcaptureAlsa *self);
ClockLatency ALCcaptureAlsa_getClockLatency(ALCcaptureAlsa *self);
DECLARE_FORWARD(ALCcaptureAlsa, ALCbackend, void, lock)
DECLARE_FORWARD(ALCcaptureAlsa, ALCbackend, void, unlock)
DECLARE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATORS(ALCcaptureAlsa)

DEFINE_ALCBACKEND_VTABLE(ALCcaptureAlsa);


void ALCcaptureAlsa_Construct(ALCcaptureAlsa *self, ALCdevice *device)
{
    new (self) ALCcaptureAlsa{};
    ALCbackend_Construct(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self), device);
    SET_VTABLE2(ALCcaptureAlsa, ALCbackend, self);
}

void ALCcaptureAlsa_Destruct(ALCcaptureAlsa *self)
{
    if(self->PcmHandle)
        snd_pcm_close(self->PcmHandle);
    self->PcmHandle = nullptr;

    ll_ringbuffer_free(self->Ring);
    self->Ring = nullptr;

    ALCbackend_Destruct(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self));
    self->~ALCcaptureAlsa();
}


ALCenum ALCcaptureAlsa_open(ALCcaptureAlsa *self, const ALCchar *name)
{
    ALCdevice *device = STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice;
    const char *driver{};
    if(name)
    {
        if(CaptureDevices.empty())
            CaptureDevices = probe_devices(SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);

        auto iter = std::find_if(CaptureDevices.cbegin(), CaptureDevices.cend(),
            [name](const DevMap &entry) -> bool
            { return entry.name == name; }
        );
        if(iter == CaptureDevices.cend())
            return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
        driver = iter->device_name.c_str();
    }
    else
    {
        name = alsaDevice;
        driver = GetConfigValue(nullptr, "alsa", "capture", "default");
    }

    TRACE("Opening device \"%s\"\n", driver);
    int err{snd_pcm_open(&self->PcmHandle, driver, SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, SND_PCM_NONBLOCK)};
    if(err < 0)
    {
        ERR("Could not open capture device '%s': %s\n", driver, snd_strerror(err));
        return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
    }

    /* Free alsa's global config tree. Otherwise valgrind reports a ton of leaks. */
    snd_config_update_free_global();

    snd_pcm_format_t format{SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN};
    switch(device->FmtType)
    {
        case DevFmtByte:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
            break;
        case DevFmtUByte:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8;
            break;
        case DevFmtShort:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
            break;
        case DevFmtUShort:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16;
            break;
        case DevFmtInt:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
            break;
        case DevFmtUInt:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32;
            break;
        case DevFmtFloat:
            format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
            break;
    }

    snd_pcm_uframes_t bufferSizeInFrames{maxu(device->UpdateSize*device->NumUpdates,
                                              100*device->Frequency/1000)};
    snd_pcm_uframes_t periodSizeInFrames{minu(bufferSizeInFrames, 25*device->Frequency/1000)};

    bool needring{false};
    const char *funcerr{};
    snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hp{};
    snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc(&hp);
#define CHECK(x) if((funcerr=#x),(err=(x)) < 0) goto error
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_any(self->PcmHandle, hp));
    /* set interleaved access */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(self->PcmHandle, hp, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED));
    /* set format (implicitly sets sample bits) */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(self->PcmHandle, hp, format));
    /* set channels (implicitly sets frame bits) */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(self->PcmHandle, hp, device->channelsFromFmt()));
    /* set rate (implicitly constrains period/buffer parameters) */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate(self->PcmHandle, hp, device->Frequency, 0));
    /* set buffer size in frame units (implicitly sets period size/bytes/time and buffer time/bytes) */
    if(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_min(self->PcmHandle, hp, &bufferSizeInFrames) < 0)
    {
        TRACE("Buffer too large, using intermediate ring buffer\n");
        needring = true;
        CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near(self->PcmHandle, hp, &bufferSizeInFrames));
    }
    /* set buffer size in frame units (implicitly sets period size/bytes/time and buffer time/bytes) */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near(self->PcmHandle, hp, &periodSizeInFrames, nullptr));
    /* install and prepare hardware configuration */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params(self->PcmHandle, hp));
    /* retrieve configuration info */
    CHECK(snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(hp, &periodSizeInFrames, nullptr));
#undef CHECK
    snd_pcm_hw_params_free(hp);
    hp = nullptr;

    if(needring)
    {
        self->Ring = ll_ringbuffer_create(device->UpdateSize*device->NumUpdates,
            device->frameSizeFromFmt(), false);
        if(!self->Ring)
        {
            ERR("ring buffer create failed\n");
            goto error2;
        }
    }

    device->DeviceName = name;

    return ALC_NO_ERROR;

error:
    ERR("%s failed: %s\n", funcerr, snd_strerror(err));
    if(hp) snd_pcm_hw_params_free(hp);

error2:
    ll_ringbuffer_free(self->Ring);
    self->Ring = nullptr;
    snd_pcm_close(self->PcmHandle);
    self->PcmHandle = nullptr;

    return ALC_INVALID_VALUE;
}

ALCboolean ALCcaptureAlsa_start(ALCcaptureAlsa *self)
{
    int err{snd_pcm_prepare(self->PcmHandle)};
    if(err < 0)
        ERR("prepare failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
    else
    {
        err = snd_pcm_start(self->PcmHandle);
        if(err < 0)
            ERR("start failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
    }
    if(err < 0)
    {
        aluHandleDisconnect(STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice, "Capture state failure: %s",
                            snd_strerror(err));
        return ALC_FALSE;
    }

    self->DoCapture = true;
    return ALC_TRUE;
}

void ALCcaptureAlsa_stop(ALCcaptureAlsa *self)
{
    /* OpenAL requires access to unread audio after stopping, but ALSA's
     * snd_pcm_drain is unreliable and snd_pcm_drop drops it. Capture what's
     * available now so it'll be available later after the drop. */
    ALCuint avail{ALCcaptureAlsa_availableSamples(self)};
    if(!self->Ring && avail > 0)
    {
        /* The ring buffer implicitly captures when checking availability.
         * Direct access needs to explicitly capture it into temp storage. */
        al::vector<char> temp(snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes(self->PcmHandle, avail));
        ALCcaptureAlsa_captureSamples(self, temp.data(), avail);
        self->Buffer = std::move(temp);
    }
    int err{snd_pcm_drop(self->PcmHandle)};
    if(err < 0)
        ERR("drop failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
    self->DoCapture = false;
}

ALCenum ALCcaptureAlsa_captureSamples(ALCcaptureAlsa *self, ALCvoid *buffer, ALCuint samples)
{
    ALCdevice *device = STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice;

    if(self->Ring)
    {
        ll_ringbuffer_read(self->Ring, static_cast<char*>(buffer), samples);
        return ALC_NO_ERROR;
    }

    self->mLastAvail -= samples;
    while(device->Connected.load(std::memory_order_acquire) && samples > 0)
    {
        snd_pcm_sframes_t amt{0};

        if(!self->Buffer.empty())
        {
            /* First get any data stored from the last stop */
            amt = snd_pcm_bytes_to_frames(self->PcmHandle, self->Buffer.size());
            if((snd_pcm_uframes_t)amt > samples) amt = samples;

            amt = snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes(self->PcmHandle, amt);
            memcpy(buffer, self->Buffer.data(), amt);

            self->Buffer.erase(self->Buffer.begin(), self->Buffer.begin()+amt);
            amt = snd_pcm_bytes_to_frames(self->PcmHandle, amt);
        }
        else if(self->DoCapture)
            amt = snd_pcm_readi(self->PcmHandle, buffer, samples);
        if(amt < 0)
        {
            ERR("read error: %s\n", snd_strerror(amt));

            if(amt == -EAGAIN)
                continue;
            if((amt=snd_pcm_recover(self->PcmHandle, amt, 1)) >= 0)
            {
                amt = snd_pcm_start(self->PcmHandle);
                if(amt >= 0)
                    amt = snd_pcm_avail_update(self->PcmHandle);
            }
            if(amt < 0)
            {
                ERR("restore error: %s\n", snd_strerror(amt));
                aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Capture recovery failure: %s", snd_strerror(amt));
                break;
            }
            /* If the amount available is less than what's asked, we lost it
             * during recovery. So just give silence instead. */
            if((snd_pcm_uframes_t)amt < samples)
                break;
            continue;
        }

        buffer = (ALbyte*)buffer + amt;
        samples -= amt;
    }
    if(samples > 0)
        memset(buffer, ((device->FmtType == DevFmtUByte) ? 0x80 : 0),
               snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes(self->PcmHandle, samples));

    return ALC_NO_ERROR;
}

ALCuint ALCcaptureAlsa_availableSamples(ALCcaptureAlsa *self)
{
    ALCdevice *device = STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice;

    snd_pcm_sframes_t avail{0};
    if(device->Connected.load(std::memory_order_acquire) && self->DoCapture)
        avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(self->PcmHandle);
    if(avail < 0)
    {
        ERR("avail update failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(avail));

        if((avail=snd_pcm_recover(self->PcmHandle, avail, 1)) >= 0)
        {
            if(self->DoCapture)
                avail = snd_pcm_start(self->PcmHandle);
            if(avail >= 0)
                avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(self->PcmHandle);
        }
        if(avail < 0)
        {
            ERR("restore error: %s\n", snd_strerror(avail));
            aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Capture recovery failure: %s", snd_strerror(avail));
        }
    }

    if(!self->Ring)
    {
        if(avail < 0) avail = 0;
        avail += snd_pcm_bytes_to_frames(self->PcmHandle, self->Buffer.size());
        if(avail > self->mLastAvail) self->mLastAvail = avail;
        return self->mLastAvail;
    }

    while(avail > 0)
    {
        auto vec = ll_ringbuffer_get_write_vector(self->Ring);
        if(vec.first.len == 0) break;

        snd_pcm_sframes_t amt{std::min<snd_pcm_sframes_t>(vec.first.len, avail)};
        amt = snd_pcm_readi(self->PcmHandle, vec.first.buf, amt);
        if(amt < 0)
        {
            ERR("read error: %s\n", snd_strerror(amt));

            if(amt == -EAGAIN)
                continue;
            if((amt=snd_pcm_recover(self->PcmHandle, amt, 1)) >= 0)
            {
                if(self->DoCapture)
                    amt = snd_pcm_start(self->PcmHandle);
                if(amt >= 0)
                    amt = snd_pcm_avail_update(self->PcmHandle);
            }
            if(amt < 0)
            {
                ERR("restore error: %s\n", snd_strerror(amt));
                aluHandleDisconnect(device, "Capture recovery failure: %s", snd_strerror(amt));
                break;
            }
            avail = amt;
            continue;
        }

        ll_ringbuffer_write_advance(self->Ring, amt);
        avail -= amt;
    }

    return ll_ringbuffer_read_space(self->Ring);
}

ClockLatency ALCcaptureAlsa_getClockLatency(ALCcaptureAlsa *self)
{
    ALCdevice *device{STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, self)->mDevice};
    ClockLatency ret;

    ALCcaptureAlsa_lock(self);
    ret.ClockTime = GetDeviceClockTime(device);
    snd_pcm_sframes_t delay{};
    int err{snd_pcm_delay(self->PcmHandle, &delay)};
    if(err < 0)
    {
        ERR("Failed to get pcm delay: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
        delay = 0;
    }
    ret.Latency  = std::chrono::seconds{std::max<snd_pcm_sframes_t>(0, delay)};
    ret.Latency /= device->Frequency;
    ALCcaptureAlsa_unlock(self);

    return ret;
}

} // namespace


bool AlsaBackendFactory::init()
{ return !!alsa_load(); }

void AlsaBackendFactory::deinit()
{
    PlaybackDevices.clear();
    CaptureDevices.clear();

#ifdef HAVE_DYNLOAD
    if(alsa_handle)
        CloseLib(alsa_handle);
    alsa_handle = nullptr;
#endif
}

bool AlsaBackendFactory::querySupport(ALCbackend_Type type)
{ return (type == ALCbackend_Playback || type == ALCbackend_Capture); }

void AlsaBackendFactory::probe(enum DevProbe type, std::string *outnames)
{
    auto add_device = [outnames](const DevMap &entry) -> void
    {
        /* +1 to also append the null char (to ensure a null-separated list and
         * double-null terminated list).
         */
        outnames->append(entry.name.c_str(), entry.name.length()+1);
    };
    switch(type)
    {
        case ALL_DEVICE_PROBE:
            PlaybackDevices = probe_devices(SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);
            std::for_each(PlaybackDevices.cbegin(), PlaybackDevices.cend(), add_device);
            break;

        case CAPTURE_DEVICE_PROBE:
            CaptureDevices = probe_devices(SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
            std::for_each(CaptureDevices.cbegin(), CaptureDevices.cend(), add_device);
            break;
    }
}

ALCbackend *AlsaBackendFactory::createBackend(ALCdevice *device, ALCbackend_Type type)
{
    if(type == ALCbackend_Playback)
    {
        ALCplaybackAlsa *backend;
        NEW_OBJ(backend, ALCplaybackAlsa)(device);
        if(!backend) return nullptr;
        return STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, backend);
    }
    if(type == ALCbackend_Capture)
    {
        ALCcaptureAlsa *backend;
        NEW_OBJ(backend, ALCcaptureAlsa)(device);
        if(!backend) return nullptr;
        return STATIC_CAST(ALCbackend, backend);
    }

    return nullptr;
}

BackendFactory &AlsaBackendFactory::getFactory()
{
    static AlsaBackendFactory factory{};
    return factory;
}