Copied JOGL_2_SANDBOX r145 on to trunk; JOGL_2_SANDBOX branch is now closed

git-svn-id: file:///usr/local/projects/SUN/JOGL/git-svn/../svn-server-sync/gluegen/trunk@147 a78bb65f-1512-4460-ba86-f6dc96a7bf27

1 files changed, 1568 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/java/com/sun/gluegen/CMethodBindingEmitter.java b/src/java/com/sun/gluegen/CMethodBindingEmitter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2085477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/com/sun/gluegen/CMethodBindingEmitter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1568 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ * 
+ * - Redistribution of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 
+ * - Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN
+ * MICROSYSTEMS, INC. ("SUN") AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR
+ * DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR
+ * ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE
+ * DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+ * SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+ * 
+ * You acknowledge that this software is not designed or intended for use
+ * in the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear
+ * facility.
+ * 
+ * Sun gratefully acknowledges that this software was originally authored
+ * and developed by Kenneth Bradley Russell and Christopher John Kline.
+ */
+
+package com.sun.gluegen;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+
+import com.sun.gluegen.cgram.types.*;
+
+/** Emits the C-side component of the Java<->C JNI binding. */
+public class CMethodBindingEmitter extends FunctionEmitter
+{
+  protected static final CommentEmitter defaultCommentEmitter =
+    new DefaultCommentEmitter();
+
+  protected static final String arrayResLength = "_array_res_length";
+  protected static final String arrayRes       = "_array_res";
+  protected static final String arrayIdx       = "_array_idx";
+  
+  protected MethodBinding binding;
+
+  /** Name of the package in which the corresponding Java method resides.*/
+  private String packageName;
+
+  /** Name of the class in which the corresponding Java method resides.*/
+  private String className;
+
+  /**
+   * Whether or not the Java<->C JNI binding for this emitter's MethodBinding
+   * is overloaded.
+   */
+  private boolean isOverloadedBinding;
+
+  /**
+   * Whether or not the Java-side of the Java<->C JNI binding for this
+   * emitter's MethodBinding is static.
+   */
+  private boolean isJavaMethodStatic;
+
+  // Flags which change various aspects of glue code generation
+  protected boolean forImplementingMethodCall;
+  protected boolean forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation;
+
+  /**
+   * Optional List of Strings containing temporary C variables to declare.
+   */
+  private List/*<String>*/ temporaryCVariableDeclarations;
+
+  /**
+   * Optional List of Strings containing assignments to temporary C variables
+   * to make after the call is completed.
+   */
+  private List/*<String>*/ temporaryCVariableAssignments;
+
+  /**
+   * Capacity of the return value in the event that it is encapsulated in a
+   * java.nio.Buffer. Is ignored if binding.getJavaReturnType().isNIOBuffer()
+   * == false;
+   */
+  private MessageFormat returnValueCapacityExpression = null;
+  
+  /**
+   * Length of the returned array. Is ignored if
+   * binding.getJavaReturnType().isArray() is false.
+   */
+  private MessageFormat returnValueLengthExpression = null;
+  
+  // Note: the VC++ 6.0 compiler emits hundreds of warnings when the
+  // (necessary) null-checking code is enabled. This appears to just
+  // be a compiler bug, but would be good to track down exactly why it
+  // is happening. When the null checking is enabled for just the
+  // GetPrimitiveArrayCritical calls, there are five warnings
+  // generated for several thousand new if tests added to the code.
+  // Which ones are the ones at fault? The line numbers for the
+  // warnings are incorrect.
+  private static final boolean EMIT_NULL_CHECKS = true;
+
+  protected static final String STRING_CHARS_PREFIX = "_strchars_";
+
+  // We need this in order to compute sizes of certain types
+  protected MachineDescription machDesc;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs an emitter for the specified binding, and sets a default
+   * comment emitter that will emit the signature of the C function that is
+   * being bound.
+   */
+  public CMethodBindingEmitter(MethodBinding binding,
+                               PrintWriter output,
+                               String javaPackageName,
+                               String javaClassName,                   
+                               boolean isOverloadedBinding,
+                               boolean isJavaMethodStatic,
+                               boolean forImplementingMethodCall,
+                               boolean forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation,
+                               MachineDescription machDesc)
+  {
+    super(output, false);
+
+    assert(binding != null);
+    assert(javaClassName != null);
+    assert(javaPackageName != null);
+    
+    this.binding = binding;
+    this.packageName = javaPackageName;
+    this.className = javaClassName;
+    this.isOverloadedBinding = isOverloadedBinding;
+    this.isJavaMethodStatic = isJavaMethodStatic;
+
+    this.forImplementingMethodCall = forImplementingMethodCall;
+    this.forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation = forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation;
+    this.machDesc = machDesc;
+
+    setCommentEmitter(defaultCommentEmitter);    
+  }
+
+  public final MethodBinding getBinding() { return binding; }
+
+  public String getName() {
+    return binding.getRenamedMethodName();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the expression for the capacity of the returned java.nio.Buffer.
+   */
+  public final MessageFormat getReturnValueCapacityExpression()
+  {
+    return returnValueCapacityExpression;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If this function returns a void* encapsulated in a
+   * java.nio.Buffer (or compound type wrapper), sets the expression
+   * for the capacity of the returned Buffer.
+   *
+   * @param expression a MessageFormat which, when applied to an array
+   * of type String[] that contains each of the arguments names of the
+   * Java-side binding, returns an expression that will (when compiled
+   * by a C compiler) evaluate to an integer-valued expression. The
+   * value of this expression is the capacity of the java.nio.Buffer
+   * returned from this method.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the <code>
+   * binding.getJavaReturnType().isNIOBuffer() == false and
+   * binding.getJavaReturnType().isCompoundTypeWrapper() == false
+   * </code>
+   */
+  public final void setReturnValueCapacityExpression(MessageFormat expression)
+  {
+    returnValueCapacityExpression = expression;
+    
+    if (!binding.getJavaReturnType().isNIOBuffer() &&
+        !binding.getJavaReturnType().isCompoundTypeWrapper())
+    {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+        "Cannot specify return value capacity for a method that does not " +
+        "return java.nio.Buffer or a compound type wrapper: \"" + binding + "\"");      
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the expression for the length of the returned array
+   */
+  public final MessageFormat getReturnValueLengthExpression()
+  {
+    return returnValueLengthExpression;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If this function returns an array, sets the expression for the
+   * length of the returned array.
+   *
+   * @param expression a MessageFormat which, when applied to an array
+   * of type String[] that contains each of the arguments names of the
+   * Java-side binding, returns an expression that will (when compiled
+   * by a C compiler) evaluate to an integer-valued expression. The
+   * value of this expression is the length of the array returned from
+   * this method.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the <code>
+   * binding.getJavaReturnType().isNIOBuffer() == false
+   * </code>
+   */
+  public final void setReturnValueLengthExpression(MessageFormat expression)
+  {
+    returnValueLengthExpression = expression;
+    
+    if (!binding.getJavaReturnType().isArray() &&
+        !binding.getJavaReturnType().isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers())
+    {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+        "Cannot specify return value length for a method that does not " +
+        "return an array: \"" + binding + "\"");      
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the List of Strings containing declarations for temporary
+   * C variables to be assigned to after the underlying function call.
+   */
+  public final List/*<String>*/ getTemporaryCVariableDeclarations() {
+    return temporaryCVariableDeclarations;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets up a List of Strings containing declarations for temporary C
+   * variables to be assigned to after the underlying function call. A
+   * null argument indicates that no manual declarations are to be made.
+   */
+  public final void setTemporaryCVariableDeclarations(List/*<String>*/ arg) {
+    temporaryCVariableDeclarations = arg;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the List of Strings containing assignments for temporary
+   * C variables which are made after the underlying function call. A
+   * null argument indicates that no manual assignments are to be
+   * made.
+   */
+  public final List/*<String>*/ getTemporaryCVariableAssignments() {
+    return temporaryCVariableAssignments;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets up a List of Strings containing assignments for temporary C
+   * variables which are made after the underlying function call. A
+   * null argument indicates that no manual assignments are to be made.
+   */
+  public final void setTemporaryCVariableAssignments(List/*<String>*/ arg) {
+    temporaryCVariableAssignments = arg;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the name of the class in which the corresponding Java method
+   * resides.
+   */
+  public String getJavaPackageName() { return packageName; }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the name of the package in which the corresponding Java method
+   * resides.
+   */
+  public String getJavaClassName() { return className; }
+
+  /**
+   * Is the Java<->C JNI binding for this emitter's MethodBinding one of
+   * several overloaded methods with the same name?
+   */
+  public final boolean getIsOverloadedBinding() { return isOverloadedBinding; }
+
+  /**
+   * Is the Java side of the Java<->C JNI binding for this emitter's
+   * MethodBinding a static method?.
+   */
+  public final boolean getIsJavaMethodStatic() { return isJavaMethodStatic; }
+
+  /**
+   * Is this CMethodBindingEmitter implementing the case of an
+   * indirect buffer or array being passed down to C code?
+   */
+  public final boolean forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation() { return forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation; }
+
+  /**
+   * Used for certain internal type size computations
+   */
+  public final MachineDescription getMachineDescription() { return machDesc; }
+
+
+  protected void emitReturnType(PrintWriter writer)
+  {    
+    writer.print("JNIEXPORT ");
+    writer.print(binding.getJavaReturnType().jniTypeName());
+    writer.print(" JNICALL");
+  }
+
+  protected void emitName(PrintWriter writer)
+  {
+    writer.println(); // start name on new line
+    writer.print("Java_");
+    writer.print(jniMangle(getJavaPackageName()));
+    writer.print("_");
+    writer.print(jniMangle(getJavaClassName()));
+    writer.print("_");
+    if (isOverloadedBinding)
+    {
+      writer.print(jniMangle(binding));
+      //System.err.println("OVERLOADED MANGLING FOR " + getName() +
+      //                   " = " + jniMangle(binding));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      writer.print(jniMangle(getName()));
+      //System.err.println("    NORMAL MANGLING FOR " + binding.getName() +
+      //                   " = " + jniMangle(getName()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected String getImplSuffix() {
+    if (forImplementingMethodCall) {
+      if (forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation) {
+        return "1";
+      } else {
+        return "0";
+      }
+    }
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  protected int emitArguments(PrintWriter writer)
+  {
+    writer.print("JNIEnv *env, ");
+    int numEmitted = 1; // initially just the JNIEnv
+    if (isJavaMethodStatic && !binding.hasContainingType())
+    {
+      writer.print("jclass");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      writer.print("jobject");
+    }
+    writer.print(" _unused");
+    ++numEmitted;
+    
+    if (binding.hasContainingType())
+    {
+      // "this" argument always comes down in argument 0 as direct buffer
+      writer.print(", jobject " + JavaMethodBindingEmitter.javaThisArgumentName());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < binding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      JavaType javaArgType = binding.getJavaArgumentType(i);
+      // Handle case where only param is void
+      if (javaArgType.isVoid()) {
+        // Make sure this is the only param to the method; if it isn't,
+        // there's something wrong with our parsing of the headers.
+        assert(binding.getNumArguments() == 1);
+        continue;
+      } 
+      if (javaArgType.isJNIEnv() || binding.isArgumentThisPointer(i)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      writer.print(", ");
+      writer.print(javaArgType.jniTypeName());
+      writer.print(" ");
+      writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+      ++numEmitted;
+
+      if (javaArgType.isPrimitiveArray() ||
+          javaArgType.isNIOBuffer()) {
+        writer.print(", jint " + byteOffsetArgName(i));
+      } else if (javaArgType.isNIOBufferArray()) {
+        writer.print(", jintArray " + 
+                     byteOffsetArrayArgName(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return numEmitted;
+  }
+
+  
+  protected void emitBody(PrintWriter writer)
+  {    
+    writer.println(" {");
+    emitBodyVariableDeclarations(writer);
+    emitBodyUserVariableDeclarations(writer);
+    emitBodyVariablePreCallSetup(writer, false);
+    emitBodyVariablePreCallSetup(writer, true);
+    emitBodyCallCFunction(writer);    
+    emitBodyUserVariableAssignments(writer);
+    emitBodyVariablePostCallCleanup(writer, true);
+    emitBodyVariablePostCallCleanup(writer, false);
+    emitBodyReturnResult(writer);
+    writer.println("}");
+    writer.println();
+  }
+
+  protected void emitBodyVariableDeclarations(PrintWriter writer)
+  {
+    // Emit declarations for all pointer and String conversion variables
+    if (binding.hasContainingType()) {
+      emitPointerDeclaration(writer,
+                             binding.getContainingType(),
+                             binding.getContainingCType(),
+                             CMethodBindingEmitter.cThisArgumentName(),
+                             null);
+    }
+
+    boolean emittedDataCopyTemps = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < binding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      JavaType type = binding.getJavaArgumentType(i);
+      if (type.isJNIEnv() || binding.isArgumentThisPointer(i)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (type.isArray() || type.isNIOBuffer() || type.isCompoundTypeWrapper() || type.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+        String convName = pointerConversionArgumentName(i);
+        // handle array/buffer argument types
+        boolean needsDataCopy =
+          emitPointerDeclaration(writer,
+                                 binding.getJavaArgumentType(i),
+                                 binding.getCArgumentType(i),
+                                 convName,
+                                 binding.getArgumentName(i));
+        if (needsDataCopy && !emittedDataCopyTemps) {
+          // emit loop counter and array length variables used during data
+          // copy 
+          writer.println("  jobject _tmpObj;");
+          writer.println("  int _copyIndex;");
+          writer.println("  jsize _tmpArrayLen;");
+
+          // Pointer to the data in the Buffer, taking the offset into account 
+          writer.println("  int * _offsetHandle = NULL;");
+
+          emittedDataCopyTemps = true;
+        }
+      } else if (type.isString()) {
+        Type cType = binding.getCArgumentType(i);
+        if (isUTF8Type(cType)) {
+          writer.print("  const char* ");
+        } else {
+          writer.print("  jchar* ");
+        }
+        writer.print(STRING_CHARS_PREFIX);
+        writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+        writer.println(" = NULL;");
+      }
+      
+    }
+
+    // Emit declaration for return value if necessary
+    Type cReturnType = binding.getCReturnType();
+
+    JavaType javaReturnType = binding.getJavaReturnType();
+    String capitalizedComponentType = null;
+    if (!cReturnType.isVoid()) {
+      writer.print("  ");
+      // Note we must respect const/volatile for return argument
+      writer.print(binding.getCSymbol().getReturnType().getName(true));
+      writer.println(" _res;");
+      if (javaReturnType.isNIOByteBufferArray() ||
+          javaReturnType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+        writer.print("  int ");
+        writer.print(arrayResLength);
+        writer.println(";");
+        writer.print("  int ");
+        writer.print(arrayIdx);
+        writer.println(";");
+        writer.print("  jobjectArray ");
+        writer.print(arrayRes);
+        writer.println(";");
+      } else if (javaReturnType.isArray()) {
+        writer.print("  int ");
+        writer.print(arrayResLength);
+        writer.println(";");
+
+        Class componentType = javaReturnType.getJavaClass().getComponentType();
+        if (componentType.isArray()) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Multi-dimensional arrays not supported yet");            
+        }
+
+        String javaTypeName = componentType.getName();
+        capitalizedComponentType =
+          "" + Character.toUpperCase(javaTypeName.charAt(0)) + javaTypeName.substring(1);
+        String javaArrayTypeName = "j" + javaTypeName + "Array";
+        writer.print("  ");
+        writer.print(javaArrayTypeName);
+        writer.print(" ");
+        writer.print(arrayRes);
+        writer.println(";");
+      }
+    } 
+  }
+
+  /** Emits the user-defined C variable declarations from the
+      TemporaryCVariableDeclarations directive in the .cfg file. */
+  protected void emitBodyUserVariableDeclarations(PrintWriter writer) {
+    if (temporaryCVariableDeclarations != null) {
+      for (Iterator iter = temporaryCVariableDeclarations.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+        String val = (String) iter.next();
+        writer.print("  ");
+        writer.println(val);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Checks a type to see whether it is for a UTF-8 pointer type
+      (i.e., "const char *", "const char **"). False implies that this
+      type is for a Unicode pointer type ("jchar *", "jchar **"). */
+  protected boolean isUTF8Type(Type type) {
+    int i = 0;
+    // Try to dereference the type at most two levels
+    while (!type.isInt() && !type.isVoid() && (i < 2)) {
+      PointerType pt = type.asPointer();
+      if (pt != null) {
+        type = pt.getTargetType();
+      } else {
+        ArrayType arrt = type.asArray();
+        if (arrt == null) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Type " + type + " should have been a pointer or array type");
+        }
+        type = arrt.getElementType();
+      }
+    }
+    if (type.isVoid()) {
+      // Assume UTF-8 since UTF-16 is rare
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!type.isInt()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Type " + type + " should have been a one- or two-dimensional integer pointer or array type");
+    }
+    if (type.getSize(machDesc) != 1 && type.getSize(machDesc) != 2) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Type " + type + " should have been a one- or two-dimensional pointer to char or short");
+    }
+    return (type.getSize(machDesc) == 1);
+  }
+
+  /** Checks a type (expected to be pointer-to-pointer) for const-ness */
+  protected boolean isConstPtrPtr(Type type) {
+    if (type.pointerDepth() != 2) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (type.asPointer().getTargetType().asPointer().getTargetType().isConst()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Code to init the variables that were declared in
+   * emitBodyVariableDeclarations(), PRIOR TO calling the actual C
+   * function.
+   */
+  protected void emitBodyVariablePreCallSetup(PrintWriter writer,
+                                              boolean emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical)
+  {
+    if (!emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical) {
+      // Convert all Buffers to pointers first so we don't have to
+      // call ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical for any arrays if any
+      // incoming buffers aren't direct
+      if (binding.hasContainingType()) {
+        emitPointerConversion(writer, binding,
+                              binding.getContainingType(),
+                              binding.getContainingCType(),
+                              JavaMethodBindingEmitter.javaThisArgumentName(),
+                              CMethodBindingEmitter.cThisArgumentName(),
+                              null);
+      }
+    
+      for (int i = 0; i < binding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+        JavaType type = binding.getJavaArgumentType(i);
+        if (type.isJNIEnv() || binding.isArgumentThisPointer(i)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (type.isCompoundTypeWrapper() ||
+            (type.isNIOBuffer() && !forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation)) {
+          emitPointerConversion(writer, binding, type,
+                                binding.getCArgumentType(i),
+                                binding.getArgumentName(i),
+                                pointerConversionArgumentName(i),
+                                byteOffsetArgName(i));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Convert all arrays to pointers, and get UTF-8 versions of jstring args
+    for (int i = 0; i < binding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      JavaType javaArgType = binding.getJavaArgumentType(i);
+
+      if (javaArgType.isJNIEnv() || binding.isArgumentThisPointer(i)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (javaArgType.isArray() ||
+          (javaArgType.isNIOBuffer() && forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation) ||
+          javaArgType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+        boolean needsDataCopy = javaArgTypeNeedsDataCopy(javaArgType);
+
+        // We only defer the emission of GetPrimitiveArrayCritical
+        // calls that won't be matched up until after the function
+        // we're calling
+        if ((!needsDataCopy && !emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical) ||
+            (needsDataCopy  && emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+          writer.print("  if (");
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+          writer.println(" != NULL) {");
+        }
+
+        Type cArgType = binding.getCArgumentType(i);
+        String cArgTypeName = cArgType.getName();
+
+        String convName = pointerConversionArgumentName(i);
+
+        if (!needsDataCopy) {
+          writer.print("    ");
+          writer.print(convName);
+          writer.print(" = (");
+          if (javaArgType.isStringArray()) {
+            // java-side type is String[]
+            cArgTypeName = "jstring *";
+          }        
+          writer.print(cArgTypeName);
+          writer.print(") (((char*) (*env)->GetPrimitiveArrayCritical(env, ");
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+          writer.println(", NULL)) + " + byteOffsetArgName(i) + ");");
+//if(cargtypename is void*)
+//   _ptrX = ((char*)convName + index1*sizeof(thisArgsJavaType));
+ 
+        } else {
+          // Handle the case where the array elements are of a type that needs a
+          // data copy operation to convert from the java memory model to the C
+          // memory model (e.g., int[][], String[], etc)
+          //
+          // FIXME: should factor out this whole block of code into a separate
+          // method for clarity and maintenance purposes
+          //
+          // Note that we properly handle only the case of an array of
+          // compound type wrappers in emitBodyVariablePostCallCleanup below
+          if (!isConstPtrPtr(cArgType) &&
+              !javaArgType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+            // FIXME: if the arg type is non-const, the sematics might be that
+            // the function modifies the argument -- we don't yet support
+            // this.
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+              "Cannot copy data for ptr-to-ptr arg type \"" + cArgType +
+              "\": support for non-const ptr-to-ptr types not implemented.");
+          }
+
+          writer.println();
+          writer.println("    /* Copy contents of " + binding.getArgumentName(i) +
+                         " into " + convName + "_copy */");
+
+          // get length of array being copied
+          String arrayLenName = "_tmpArrayLen";
+          writer.print("    ");
+          writer.print(arrayLenName);
+          writer.print(" = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, ");
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i)); 
+          writer.println(");");
+
+          // allocate an array to hold each element
+          if (cArgType.pointerDepth() != 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+              "Could not copy data for type \"" + cArgType +
+              "\"; copying only supported for types of the form " +
+              "ptr-to-ptr-to-type.");
+          }
+          PointerType cArgPtrType = cArgType.asPointer();
+          if (cArgPtrType == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+              "Could not copy data for type \"" + cArgType +
+              "\"; currently only pointer types supported.");
+          }
+          PointerType cArgElementType = cArgPtrType.getTargetType().asPointer();          
+          emitMalloc(
+            writer,
+            convName+"_copy",
+            cArgElementType.getName(),
+            arrayLenName,
+            "Could not allocate buffer for copying data in argument \\\""+binding.getArgumentName(i)+"\\\"");
+
+          // Get the handle for the byte offset array sent down for Buffers
+          // FIXME: not 100% sure this is correct with respect to the
+          // JNI spec because it may be illegal to call
+          // GetObjectArrayElement while in a critical section. May
+          // need to do another loop and add in the offsets.
+          if (javaArgType.isNIOBufferArray()) {
+            writer.println
+              ("    _offsetHandle = (int *) (*env)->GetPrimitiveArrayCritical(env, " +
+               byteOffsetArrayArgName(i) +
+               ", NULL);");
+          }
+
+          // process each element in the array
+          writer.println("    for (_copyIndex = 0; _copyIndex < "+arrayLenName+"; ++_copyIndex) {");
+
+          // get each array element
+          writer.println("      /* get each element of the array argument \"" + binding.getArgumentName(i) + "\" */");    
+          writer.print("      _tmpObj = (*env)->GetObjectArrayElement(env, ");
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+          writer.println(", _copyIndex);");            
+
+          if (javaArgType.isStringArray()) {
+            writer.print("  ");
+            emitGetStringChars(writer,
+                               "(jstring) _tmpObj",
+                               convName+"_copy[_copyIndex]",
+                               isUTF8Type(cArgType),
+                               true);
+          } else if (javaArgType.isNIOBufferArray()) {
+            /* We always assume an integer "byte offset" argument follows any Buffer
+               in the method binding. */
+            emitGetDirectBufferAddress(writer,
+                                       "_tmpObj",
+                                       cArgElementType.getName(),
+                                       convName + "_copy[_copyIndex]",
+                                       "_offsetHandle[_copyIndex]",
+                                       true);
+          } else if (javaArgType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+            // These come down in similar fashion to an array of NIO
+            // Buffers only we do not pass down any integer byte
+            // offset argument
+            emitGetDirectBufferAddress(writer,
+                                       "_tmpObj",
+                                       cArgElementType.getName(),
+                                       convName + "_copy[_copyIndex]",
+                                       null,
+                                       true);
+          } else {
+            // Question: do we always need to copy the sub-arrays, or just
+            // GetPrimitiveArrayCritical on each jobjectarray element and
+            // assign it to the appropriate elements at pointer depth 1?
+            // Probably depends on const-ness of the argument.
+            // Malloc enough space to hold a copy of each sub-array
+            writer.print("      ");
+            emitMalloc(
+                       writer,
+                       convName+"_copy[_copyIndex]",
+                       cArgElementType.getTargetType().getName(), // assumes cArgPtrType is ptr-to-ptr-to-primitive !!
+                       "(*env)->GetArrayLength(env, _tmpObj)",
+                       "Could not allocate buffer during copying of data in argument \\\""+binding.getArgumentName(i)+"\\\"");
+            // FIXME: copy the data (use matched Get/ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical() calls)
+            if (true) throw new RuntimeException(
+                                                 "Cannot yet handle type \"" + cArgType.getName() +
+                                                 "\"; need to add support for copying ptr-to-ptr-to-primitiveType subarrays");
+
+ 
+          }
+          writer.println("    }");
+
+          if (javaArgType.isNIOBufferArray()) {
+            writer.println
+              ("    (*env)->ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical(env, " + 
+               byteOffsetArrayArgName(i) + 
+               ", _offsetHandle, JNI_ABORT);");
+          }
+
+          writer.println();
+        } // end of data copy
+        
+        if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+          writer.println("  }");
+        }
+      } else if (javaArgType.isString()) {
+        if (!emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        emitGetStringChars(writer,
+                           binding.getArgumentName(i),
+                           STRING_CHARS_PREFIX + binding.getArgumentName(i),
+                           isUTF8Type(binding.getCArgumentType(i)),
+                           false);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  
+  /**
+   * Code to clean up any variables that were declared in
+   * emitBodyVariableDeclarations(), AFTER calling the actual C function.
+   */
+  protected void emitBodyVariablePostCallCleanup(PrintWriter writer,
+                                                 boolean emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical)
+  {
+    // Release primitive arrays and temporary UTF8 strings if necessary
+    for (int i = 0; i < binding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      JavaType javaArgType = binding.getJavaArgumentType(i);
+      if (javaArgType.isJNIEnv() || binding.isArgumentThisPointer(i)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      Type cArgType = binding.getCArgumentType(i);
+
+      if (javaArgType.isArray() ||
+          (javaArgType.isNIOBuffer() && forIndirectBufferAndArrayImplementation) ||
+          javaArgType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+        boolean needsDataCopy = javaArgTypeNeedsDataCopy(javaArgType);
+
+        if ((!needsDataCopy && !emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical) ||
+            (needsDataCopy  && emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+          writer.print("  if (");
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+          writer.println(" != NULL) {");
+        }
+
+        String convName = pointerConversionArgumentName(i);
+
+        if (!needsDataCopy) {
+          // Release array 
+          writer.print("    (*env)->ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical(env, ");
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+          writer.print(", ");
+          writer.print(convName);
+          writer.println(", 0);");
+        } else {
+          // clean up the case where the array elements are of a type that needed
+          // a data copy operation to convert from the java memory model to the
+          // C memory model (e.g., int[][], String[], etc)
+          //
+          // FIXME: should factor out this whole block of code into a separate
+          // method for clarity and maintenance purposes
+          if (!isConstPtrPtr(cArgType)) {
+            // FIXME: handle any cleanup from treatment of non-const args,
+            // assuming they were treated differently in
+            // emitBodyVariablePreCallSetup() (see the similar section in that
+            // method for details). 
+            if (javaArgType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+              // This is the only form of cleanup we handle right now
+              String argName = binding.getArgumentName(i);
+              writer.println("    _tmpArrayLen = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, " + argName + ");");
+              writer.println("    for (_copyIndex = 0; _copyIndex < _tmpArrayLen; ++_copyIndex) {");
+              writer.println("      _tmpObj = (*env)->GetObjectArrayElement(env, " + argName + ", _copyIndex);");
+              // We only skip the copy back in limited situations
+              String copyName = pointerConversionArgumentName(i) + "_copy";
+              writer.println("      if ((" + copyName + "[_copyIndex] == NULL && _tmpObj == NULL) ||");
+              writer.println("          (" + copyName + "[_copyIndex] != NULL && _tmpObj != NULL &&");
+              writer.println("           (*env)->GetDirectBufferAddress(env, _tmpObj) == " + copyName + "[_copyIndex])) {");
+              writer.println("        /* No copy back needed */");
+              writer.println("      } else {");
+              writer.println("        if (" + copyName + "[_copyIndex] == NULL) {");
+              writer.println("          (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, " + argName + ", _copyIndex, NULL);");
+              writer.println("        } else {");
+              writer.println("          _tmpObj = (*env)->NewDirectByteBuffer(env, " + copyName + "[_copyIndex], sizeof(" + cArgType.getName() + "));");
+              writer.println("          (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, " + argName + ", _copyIndex, _tmpObj);");
+              writer.println("        }");
+              writer.println("      }");
+              writer.println("    }");
+            } else {
+              throw new RuntimeException(
+                "Cannot clean up copied data for ptr-to-ptr arg type \"" + cArgType +
+                "\": support for cleaning up most non-const ptr-to-ptr types not implemented.");
+            }
+          }
+
+          writer.println("    /* Clean up " + convName + "_copy */");
+
+          // Only need to perform cleanup for individual array
+          // elements if they are not direct buffers
+          if (!javaArgType.isNIOBufferArray() &&
+              !javaArgType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+            // Re-fetch length of array that was copied
+            String arrayLenName = "_tmpArrayLen";
+            writer.print("    ");
+            writer.print(arrayLenName);
+            writer.print(" = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, ");
+            writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i)); 
+            writer.println(");");
+
+            // free each element
+            PointerType cArgPtrType = cArgType.asPointer();
+            if (cArgPtrType == null) {
+              throw new RuntimeException(
+                "Could not copy data for type \"" + cArgType +
+                "\"; currently only pointer types supported.");
+            }
+            PointerType cArgElementType = cArgPtrType.getTargetType().asPointer();          
+         
+            // process each element in the array
+            writer.println("    for (_copyIndex = 0; _copyIndex < " + arrayLenName +"; ++_copyIndex) {");
+
+            // get each array element
+            writer.println("      /* free each element of " +convName +"_copy */");    
+            writer.print("      _tmpObj = (*env)->GetObjectArrayElement(env, ");
+            writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+            writer.println(", _copyIndex);");            
+
+            if (javaArgType.isStringArray()) {
+              writer.print("     (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, ");
+              writer.print("(jstring) _tmpObj");
+              writer.print(", ");
+              writer.print(convName+"_copy[_copyIndex]");
+              writer.println(");");           
+            } else {
+              if (true) throw new RuntimeException(
+                "Cannot yet handle type \"" + cArgType.getName() +
+                "\"; need to add support for cleaning up copied ptr-to-ptr-to-primitiveType subarrays"); 
+            }
+            writer.println("    }");
+          }
+
+          // free the main array
+          writer.print("    free((void*) ");
+          writer.print(convName+"_copy");
+          writer.println(");");
+        } // end of cleaning up copied data
+
+        if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+          writer.println("  }");
+        }
+      } else if (javaArgType.isString()) {
+        if (emittingPrimitiveArrayCritical) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+          writer.print("  if (");
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+          writer.println(" != NULL) {");
+        }
+
+        if (isUTF8Type(cArgType)) {
+          writer.print("    (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, ");
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+          writer.print(", " + STRING_CHARS_PREFIX);
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+          writer.println(");");
+        } else {
+          writer.println("    free((void*) " + STRING_CHARS_PREFIX + binding.getArgumentName(i) + ");");
+        }
+
+        if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+          writer.println("  }");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the number of arguments passed so calling code knows
+      whether to print a comma */
+  protected int emitBodyPassCArguments(PrintWriter writer) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < binding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      if (i != 0) {
+        writer.print(", ");
+      }
+      JavaType javaArgType = binding.getJavaArgumentType(i);
+      // Handle case where only param is void.
+      if (javaArgType.isVoid()) {
+        // Make sure this is the only param to the method; if it isn't,
+        // there's something wrong with our parsing of the headers.
+        assert(binding.getNumArguments() == 1);
+        continue;
+      } 
+
+      if (javaArgType.isJNIEnv()) {
+        writer.print("env");
+      } else if (binding.isArgumentThisPointer(i)) {
+        writer.print(CMethodBindingEmitter.cThisArgumentName());
+      } else {
+        writer.print("(");        
+        Type cArgType = binding.getCSymbol().getArgumentType(i);
+        writer.print(cArgType.getName());
+        writer.print(") ");
+        if (binding.getCArgumentType(i).isPointer() && binding.getJavaArgumentType(i).isPrimitive()) {
+          writer.print("(intptr_t) ");
+        }
+        if (javaArgType.isArray() || javaArgType.isNIOBuffer() ||
+            javaArgType.isCompoundTypeWrapper() || javaArgType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+          writer.print(pointerConversionArgumentName(i));
+          if (javaArgTypeNeedsDataCopy(javaArgType)) {
+            writer.print("_copy");
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (javaArgType.isString()) { writer.print(STRING_CHARS_PREFIX); }
+          writer.print(binding.getArgumentName(i));          
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return binding.getNumArguments();
+  }
+
+  protected void emitBodyCallCFunction(PrintWriter writer) {
+
+    // Make the call to the actual C function
+    writer.print("  ");
+
+    // WARNING: this code assumes that the return type has already been
+    // typedef-resolved.
+    Type cReturnType = binding.getCReturnType();
+
+    if (!cReturnType.isVoid()) {
+      writer.print("_res = ");
+    }
+    if (binding.hasContainingType()) {
+      // Call through function pointer
+      writer.print(CMethodBindingEmitter.cThisArgumentName() + "->");
+    }
+    writer.print(binding.getCSymbol().getName());
+    writer.print("(");
+    emitBodyPassCArguments(writer);
+    writer.println(");");
+  }
+  
+  /** Emits the user-defined C variable assignments from the
+      TemporaryCVariableAssignments directive in the .cfg file. */
+  protected void emitBodyUserVariableAssignments(PrintWriter writer) {
+    if (temporaryCVariableAssignments != null) {
+      for (Iterator iter = temporaryCVariableAssignments.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+        String val = (String) iter.next();
+        writer.print("  ");
+        writer.println(val);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected void emitBodyReturnResult(PrintWriter writer)
+  {
+    // WARNING: this code assumes that the return type has already been
+    // typedef-resolved.
+    Type cReturnType = binding.getCReturnType();
+
+    // Return result if necessary
+    if (!cReturnType.isVoid()) {
+      JavaType javaReturnType = binding.getJavaReturnType();
+      if (javaReturnType.isPrimitive()) {
+        writer.print("  return ");
+        if (cReturnType.isPointer()) {
+          // Pointer being converted to int or long: cast this result
+          // (through intptr_t to avoid compiler warnings with gcc)
+          writer.print("(" + javaReturnType.jniTypeName() + ") (intptr_t) ");
+        }
+        writer.println("_res;");
+      } else if (javaReturnType.isNIOBuffer() ||
+                 javaReturnType.isCompoundTypeWrapper()) {
+        writer.println("  if (_res == NULL) return NULL;");
+        writer.print("  return (*env)->NewDirectByteBuffer(env, _res, ");
+        // See whether capacity has been specified
+        if (returnValueCapacityExpression != null) {
+          writer.print(
+            returnValueCapacityExpression.format(argumentNameArray()));
+        } else {
+          if (cReturnType.isPointer() &&
+              cReturnType.asPointer().getTargetType().isCompound()) {
+            if (cReturnType.asPointer().getTargetType().getSize() == null) {
+              throw new RuntimeException(
+                "Error emitting code for compound return type "+
+                "for function \"" + binding + "\": " +
+                "Structs to be emitted should have been laid out by this point " +
+                "(type " + cReturnType.asPointer().getTargetType().getName() + " / " +
+                cReturnType.asPointer().getTargetType() + " was not)"
+              );
+            }
+          }
+          writer.print("sizeof(" + cReturnType.getName() + ")");
+          System.err.println(
+            "WARNING: No capacity specified for java.nio.Buffer return " +
+            "value for function \"" + binding + "\";" +
+            " assuming size of equivalent C return type (sizeof(" + cReturnType.getName() + ")): " + binding); 
+        }
+        writer.println(");");
+      } else if (javaReturnType.isString()) {
+        writer.print("  if (_res == NULL) return NULL;");
+        writer.println("  return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, _res);");
+      } else if (javaReturnType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers() ||
+                 (javaReturnType.isArray() && javaReturnType.isNIOByteBufferArray())) {
+        writer.println("  if (_res == NULL) return NULL;");
+        if (returnValueLengthExpression == null) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Error while generating C code: no length specified for array returned from function " +
+                                     binding);
+        }
+        writer.println("  " + arrayResLength + " = " + returnValueLengthExpression.format(argumentNameArray()) + ";");
+        writer.println("  " + arrayRes + " = (*env)->NewObjectArray(env, " + arrayResLength + ", (*env)->FindClass(env, \"java/nio/ByteBuffer\"), NULL);");
+        writer.println("  for (" + arrayIdx + " = 0; " + arrayIdx + " < " + arrayResLength + "; " + arrayIdx + "++) {");
+        Type retType = binding.getCSymbol().getReturnType();
+	Type pointerType;
+        if (retType.isPointer()) {
+	  pointerType = retType.asPointer().getTargetType();
+        } else {
+	  pointerType = retType.asArray().getElementType();
+        }
+        Type baseType = pointerType.asPointer().getTargetType();
+        writer.println("    (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, " + arrayRes + ", " + arrayIdx +
+                       ", (*env)->NewDirectByteBuffer(env, _res[" + arrayIdx + "], sizeof(" + pointerType.getName() + ")));");
+        writer.println("  }");
+        writer.println("  return " + arrayRes + ";");
+      } else if (javaReturnType.isArray()) {
+        // FIXME: must have user provide length of array in .cfg file
+        // by providing a constant value, input parameter, or
+        // expression which computes the array size (already present
+        // as ReturnValueCapacity, not yet implemented / tested here)
+
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+                                   "Could not emit native code for function \"" + binding +
+                                   "\": array return values for non-char types not implemented yet");
+
+        // FIXME: This is approximately what will be required here
+        //
+        //writer.print("  ");
+        //writer.print(arrayRes);
+        //writer.print(" = (*env)->New");
+        //writer.print(capitalizedComponentType);
+        //writer.print("Array(env, ");
+        //writer.print(arrayResLength);
+        //writer.println(");");
+        //writer.print("  (*env)->Set");
+        //writer.print(capitalizedComponentType);
+        //writer.print("ArrayRegion(env, ");
+        //writer.print(arrayRes);
+        //writer.print(", 0, ");
+        //writer.print(arrayResLength);
+        //writer.println(", _res);");
+        //writer.print("  return ");
+        //writer.print(arrayRes);
+        //writer.println(";");
+      } else {
+        System.err.print("Unhandled return type: ");
+        javaReturnType.dump();
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unhandled return type");
+      }
+    }
+  }  
+
+  protected static String cThisArgumentName() {
+    return "this0";
+  }
+  
+  // Mangle a class, package or function name
+  protected String jniMangle(String name) {
+    return name.replaceAll("_", "_1").replace('.', '_');
+  }
+
+  protected String jniMangle(MethodBinding binding) {
+    StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
+    buf.append(jniMangle(getName()));
+    buf.append(getImplSuffix());
+    buf.append("__");
+    if (binding.hasContainingType()) {
+      // "this" argument always comes down in argument 0 as direct buffer
+      jniMangle(java.nio.ByteBuffer.class, buf, true);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < binding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      if (binding.isArgumentThisPointer(i)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      JavaType type = binding.getJavaArgumentType(i);
+      if (type.isVoid()) {
+        // We should only see "void" as the first argument of a 1-argument function
+        // FIXME: should normalize this in the parser
+        if ((i != 0) || (binding.getNumArguments() > 1)) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Saw illegal \"void\" argument while emitting \"" + getName() + "\"");
+        }
+      } else {
+        Class c = type.getJavaClass();
+        if (c != null) {
+          jniMangle(c, buf, false);
+          // If Buffer offset arguments were added, we need to mangle the JNI for the 
+          // extra arguments
+          if (type.isNIOBuffer()) {
+            jniMangle(Integer.TYPE, buf, false);
+          } else if (type.isNIOBufferArray())   {
+            int[] intArrayType = new int[0];
+            c = intArrayType.getClass(); 
+            jniMangle(c , buf, true);
+          }
+          if (type.isPrimitiveArray()) {
+            jniMangle(Integer.TYPE, buf, false);
+          }
+        } else if (type.isCompoundTypeWrapper()) {
+          // Mangle wrappers for C structs as ByteBuffer
+          jniMangle(java.nio.ByteBuffer.class, buf, true);
+        } else if (type.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+          // Mangle arrays of C structs as ByteBuffer[]
+          java.nio.ByteBuffer[] tmp = new java.nio.ByteBuffer[0];
+          jniMangle(tmp.getClass(), buf, true);
+        } else if (type.isJNIEnv()) {
+          // These are not exposed at the Java level
+        } else {
+          // FIXME: add support for char* -> String conversion
+          throw new RuntimeException("Unknown kind of JavaType: name="+type.getName());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  protected void jniMangle(Class c, StringBuffer res, boolean syntheticArgument) {
+    if (c.isPrimitive()) {
+           if (c == Boolean.TYPE)   res.append("Z");
+      else if (c == Byte.TYPE)      res.append("B");
+      else if (c == Character.TYPE) res.append("C");
+      else if (c == Short.TYPE)     res.append("S");
+      else if (c == Integer.TYPE)   res.append("I");
+      else if (c == Long.TYPE)      res.append("J");
+      else if (c == Float.TYPE)     res.append("F");
+      else if (c == Double.TYPE)    res.append("D");
+      else throw new RuntimeException("Illegal primitive type \"" + c.getName() + "\"");
+    } else {
+      // Arrays and NIO Buffers are always passed down as java.lang.Object.
+      // The only arrays that show up as true arrays in the signature
+      // are the synthetic byte offset arrays created when passing
+      // down arrays of direct Buffers. Compound type wrappers are
+      // passed down as ByteBuffers (no good reason, just to avoid
+      // accidental conflation) so we mangle them differently.
+      if (syntheticArgument) {
+        if (c.isArray()) {
+          res.append("_3");
+          Class componentType = c.getComponentType();
+          // Handle arrays of compound type wrappers differently for
+          // convenience of the Java-level glue code generation
+          jniMangle(componentType, res,
+                    (componentType == java.nio.ByteBuffer.class));
+        } else {
+          res.append("L");
+          res.append(c.getName().replace('.', '_'));
+          res.append("_2");
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (c.isArray()) {
+          res.append("_3");
+          jniMangle(c.getComponentType(), res, false);
+        } else if (c == java.lang.String.class) {
+          res.append("L");
+          res.append(c.getName().replace('.', '_'));
+          res.append("_2");
+        } else {
+          res.append("L");
+          res.append("java_lang_Object");
+          res.append("_2");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void emitOutOfMemoryCheck(PrintWriter writer, String varName,
+                                    String errorMessage)
+  {
+    writer.print("    if (");
+    writer.print(varName);
+    writer.println(" == NULL) {");
+    writer.println("      (*env)->ThrowNew(env, (*env)->FindClass(env, \"java/lang/OutOfMemoryError\"),");
+    writer.print("                       \"" + errorMessage);
+    writer.print(" in native dispatcher for \\\"");
+    writer.print(getName());
+    writer.println("\\\"\");");
+    writer.print("      return");
+    if (!binding.getJavaReturnType().isVoid()) {
+      writer.print(" 0");
+    }
+    writer.println(";");
+    writer.println("    }");
+  }
+
+  private void emitMalloc(PrintWriter writer,
+                          String targetVarName,
+                          String elementTypeString,
+                          String numElementsExpression,
+                          String mallocFailureErrorString)
+  {
+    writer.print("    ");
+    writer.print(targetVarName);
+    writer.print(" = (");
+    writer.print(elementTypeString);
+    writer.print(" *) malloc(");
+    writer.print(numElementsExpression);
+    writer.print(" * sizeof(");       
+    writer.print(elementTypeString);
+    writer.println("));");
+    // Catch memory allocation failure
+    if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+      emitOutOfMemoryCheck(
+        writer, targetVarName,
+        mallocFailureErrorString);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void emitCalloc(PrintWriter writer,
+                          String targetVarName,
+                          String elementTypeString,
+                          String numElementsExpression,
+                          String mallocFailureErrorString)
+  {
+    writer.print("    ");
+    writer.print(targetVarName);
+    writer.print(" = (");
+    writer.print(elementTypeString);
+    writer.print(" *) calloc(");
+    writer.print(numElementsExpression);
+    writer.print(", sizeof(");
+    writer.print(elementTypeString);
+    writer.println("));");
+    // Catch memory allocation failure
+    if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+      emitOutOfMemoryCheck(
+        writer, targetVarName,
+        mallocFailureErrorString);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void emitGetStringChars(PrintWriter writer,
+                                  String sourceVarName,
+                                  String receivingVarName,
+                                  boolean isUTF8,
+                                  boolean emitElseClause)
+  {
+    if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+      writer.print("  if (");
+      writer.print(sourceVarName);
+      writer.println(" != NULL) {");
+    }
+    if (isUTF8) {
+      writer.print("    ");
+      writer.print(receivingVarName);
+      writer.print(" = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, ");
+      writer.print(sourceVarName);
+      writer.println(", (jboolean*)NULL);");
+      // Catch memory allocation failure in the event that the VM didn't pin
+      // the String and failed to allocate a copy    
+      if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+        emitOutOfMemoryCheck(
+          writer, receivingVarName,
+          "Failed to get UTF-8 chars for argument \\\""+sourceVarName+"\\\"");
+      }
+    } else {
+      // The UTF-16 case is basically Windows specific. Unix platforms
+      // tend to use only the UTF-8 encoding. On Windows the problem
+      // is that wide character strings are expected to be null
+      // terminated, but the JNI GetStringChars doesn't return a
+      // null-terminated Unicode string. For this reason we explicitly
+      // calloc our buffer, including the null terminator, and use
+      // GetStringRegion to fetch the string's characters.
+      emitCalloc(writer,
+                 receivingVarName,
+                 "jchar",
+                 "(*env)->GetStringLength(env, " + sourceVarName + ") + 1",
+                 "Could not allocate temporary buffer for copying string argument \\\""+sourceVarName+"\\\"");
+      writer.println("    (*env)->GetStringRegion(env, " + sourceVarName + ", 0, (*env)->GetStringLength(env, " + sourceVarName + "), " + receivingVarName + ");");
+    }
+    if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+      writer.print("  }");
+      if (emitElseClause) {
+        writer.print(" else {");
+        writer.print("      ");
+        writer.print(receivingVarName);
+        writer.println(" = NULL;");
+        writer.println("  }");
+      } else {
+        writer.println();
+      }
+    }
+  }      
+
+  private void emitGetDirectBufferAddress(PrintWriter writer,
+                                          String sourceVarName,
+                                          String receivingVarTypeString,
+                                          String receivingVarName,
+                                          String byteOffsetVarName,
+                                          boolean emitElseClause) {
+    if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+      writer.print("    if (");
+      writer.print(sourceVarName);
+      writer.println(" != NULL) {");
+      writer.print("    ");
+    }
+
+    writer.print("    ");
+    writer.print(receivingVarName);
+    writer.print(" = (");
+    writer.print(receivingVarTypeString);
+
+    writer.print(") (((char*) (*env)->GetDirectBufferAddress(env, ");
+    writer.print(sourceVarName);
+    writer.println(")) + " + ((byteOffsetVarName != null) ? byteOffsetVarName : "0") + ");");
+
+    if (EMIT_NULL_CHECKS) {
+      writer.print("    }");
+      if (emitElseClause) {
+        writer.println(" else {");
+        writer.print("      ");
+        writer.print(receivingVarName);
+        writer.println(" = NULL;");
+        writer.println("    }");
+      } else {
+        writer.println();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Note: if the data in the Type needs to be converted from the Java memory
+  // model to the C memory model prior to calling any C-side functions, then
+  // an extra variable named XXX_copy (where XXX is the value of the
+  // cVariableName argument) will be emitted and TRUE will be returned.
+  private boolean emitPointerDeclaration(PrintWriter writer,
+                                         JavaType javaType,
+                                         Type cType,
+                                         String cVariableName,
+                                         String javaArgumentName) {
+    String ptrTypeString = null;
+    boolean needsDataCopy = false;
+
+    // Emit declaration for the pointer variable.
+    //
+    // Note that we don't need to obey const/volatile for outgoing arguments
+    //
+    if (javaType.isNIOBuffer()) {
+      ptrTypeString = cType.getName();
+    } else if (javaType.isArray() || javaType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+      needsDataCopy = javaArgTypeNeedsDataCopy(javaType);
+      if (javaType.isPrimitiveArray() ||
+          javaType.isNIOBufferArray() ||
+          javaType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+        ptrTypeString = cType.getName();
+      } else if (!javaType.isStringArray()) {
+        Class elementType = javaType.getJavaClass().getComponentType();
+        if (elementType.isArray()) {
+          Class subElementType = elementType.getComponentType();
+          if (subElementType.isPrimitive()) {
+            // type is pointer to pointer to primitive
+            ptrTypeString = cType.getName();
+          } else {
+            // type is pointer to pointer of some type we don't support (maybe
+            // it's an array of pointers to structs?)
+            throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported pointer type: \"" + cType.getName() + "\"");    
+          }
+        } else {
+          // type is pointer to pointer of some type we don't support (maybe
+          // it's an array of pointers to structs?)
+          throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported pointer type: \"" + cType.getName() + "\"");    
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      ptrTypeString = cType.getName();
+    }
+
+    if (!needsDataCopy) {
+      // declare the pointer variable
+      writer.print("  ");
+      writer.print(ptrTypeString);
+      writer.print(" ");
+      writer.print(cVariableName);
+      writer.println(" = NULL;");
+    } else {
+      // Declare a variable to hold a copy of the argument data in which the
+      // incoming data has been properly laid out in memory to match the C
+      // memory model
+      if (javaType.isStringArray()) {
+        writer.print("  const char **");
+      } else {
+        writer.print("  " + ptrTypeString);
+      }
+      writer.print(" ");
+      writer.print(cVariableName);
+      writer.print("_copy = NULL; /* copy of data in ");
+      writer.print(javaArgumentName);
+      writer.println(", laid out according to C memory model */");
+    }
+
+    return needsDataCopy;
+  }
+
+  private void emitPointerConversion(PrintWriter writer,
+                                     MethodBinding binding,
+                                     JavaType type,
+                                     Type cType,
+                                     String incomingArgumentName,
+                                     String cVariableName,
+                                     String byteOffsetVarName) {
+    // Compound type wrappers do not get byte offsets added on
+    if (type.isCompoundTypeWrapper()) {
+      byteOffsetVarName = null;
+    }
+
+    emitGetDirectBufferAddress(writer,
+                               incomingArgumentName,
+                               cType.getName(),
+                               cVariableName, 
+                               byteOffsetVarName,
+                               false);
+  }
+
+  protected String byteOffsetArgName(int i) {
+    return byteOffsetArgName(binding.getArgumentName(i));
+  }
+
+  protected String byteOffsetArgName(String s) {
+    return s + "_byte_offset";
+  }
+                                                                                                            
+  protected String byteOffsetArrayArgName(int i) {
+    return binding.getArgumentName(i) + "_byte_offset_array";
+  }
+                                                                                                            
+  protected String[] argumentNameArray() {
+    String[] argumentNames = new String[binding.getNumArguments()];
+    for (int i = 0; i < binding.getNumArguments(); i++) {
+      argumentNames[i] = binding.getArgumentName(i);
+      if (binding.getJavaArgumentType(i).isPrimitiveArray()) {
+        // Add on _offset argument in comma-separated expression
+        argumentNames[i] = argumentNames[i] + ", " + byteOffsetArgName(i);
+      }
+    }
+    return argumentNames;
+  }
+
+  protected String pointerConversionArgumentName(int i) {
+    return "_ptr" + i;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Class that emits a generic comment for CMethodBindingEmitters; the comment
+   * includes the C signature of the native method that is being bound by the
+   * emitter java method.
+   */
+  protected static class DefaultCommentEmitter implements CommentEmitter {
+    public void emit(FunctionEmitter emitter, PrintWriter writer) {     
+      emitBeginning((CMethodBindingEmitter)emitter, writer);
+      emitEnding((CMethodBindingEmitter)emitter, writer);
+    }
+    protected void emitBeginning(CMethodBindingEmitter emitter, PrintWriter writer) {
+      writer.println("  Java->C glue code:");
+      writer.print(" *   Java package: ");
+      writer.print(emitter.getJavaPackageName());
+      writer.print(".");
+      writer.println(emitter.getJavaClassName());
+      writer.print(" *    Java method: ");
+      MethodBinding binding = emitter.getBinding();
+      writer.println(binding);
+      writer.println(" *     C function: " + binding.getCSymbol());
+    }
+    protected void emitEnding(CMethodBindingEmitter emitter, PrintWriter writer) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected boolean javaArgTypeNeedsDataCopy(JavaType javaArgType) {
+    if (javaArgType.isArray()) {
+      return (javaArgType.isNIOBufferArray() ||
+              javaArgType.isStringArray() ||
+              javaArgType.getJavaClass().getComponentType().isArray());
+    }
+    if (javaArgType.isArrayOfCompoundTypeWrappers()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}