path: root/src/jogl/classes/jogamp/opengl/glu/tessellator/Mesh.java

/*
* Portions Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*/

/*
** License Applicability. Except to the extent portions of this file are
** made subject to an alternative license as permitted in the SGI Free
** Software License B, Version 2.0 (the "License"), the contents of this
** file are subject only to the provisions of the License. You may not use
** this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
** of the License at Silicon Graphics, Inc., attn: Legal Services, 1600
** Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351, or at:
**
** http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB
**
** Note that, as provided in the License, the Software is distributed on an
** "AS IS" basis, with ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS
** DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND
** CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, FITNESS FOR A
** PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.
**
** NOTE:  The Original Code (as defined below) has been licensed to Sun
** Microsystems, Inc. ("Sun") under the SGI Free Software License B
** (Version 1.1), shown above ("SGI License").   Pursuant to Section
** 3.2(3) of the SGI License, Sun is distributing the Covered Code to
** you under an alternative license ("Alternative License").  This
** Alternative License includes all of the provisions of the SGI License
** except that Section 2.2 and 11 are omitted.  Any differences between
** the Alternative License and the SGI License are offered solely by Sun
** and not by SGI.
**
** Original Code. The Original Code is: OpenGL Sample Implementation,
** Version 1.2.1, released January 26, 2000, developed by Silicon Graphics,
** Inc. The Original Code is Copyright (c) 1991-2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
** Copyright in any portions created by third parties is as indicated
** elsewhere herein. All Rights Reserved.
**
** Additional Notice Provisions: The application programming interfaces
** established by SGI in conjunction with the Original Code are The
** OpenGL(R) Graphics System: A Specification (Version 1.2.1), released
** April 1, 1999; The OpenGL(R) Graphics System Utility Library (Version
** 1.3), released November 4, 1998; and OpenGL(R) Graphics with the X
** Window System(R) (Version 1.3), released October 19, 1998. This software
** was created using the OpenGL(R) version 1.2.1 Sample Implementation
** published by SGI, but has not been independently verified as being
** compliant with the OpenGL(R) version 1.2.1 Specification.
**
** Author: Eric Veach, July 1994
** Java Port: Pepijn Van Eeckhoudt, July 2003
** Java Port: Nathan Parker Burg, August 2003
*/
package jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator;

class Mesh {
    private Mesh() {
    }

    /************************ Utility Routines ************************/
/* MakeEdge creates a new pair of half-edges which form their own loop.
 * No vertex or face structures are allocated, but these must be assigned
 * before the current edge operation is completed.
 */
    static jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge MakeEdge(jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eNext) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eSym;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge ePrev;

//        EdgePair * pair = (EdgePair *)
//        memAlloc(sizeof(EdgePair));
//        if (pair == NULL) return NULL;
//
//        e = &pair - > e;
        e = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge(true);
//        eSym = &pair - > eSym;
        eSym = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge(false);


        /* Make sure eNext points to the first edge of the edge pair */
        if (!eNext.first) {
            eNext = eNext.Sym;
        }

        /* Insert in circular doubly-linked list before eNext.
         * Note that the prev pointer is stored in Sym->next.
         */
        ePrev = eNext.Sym.next;
        eSym.next = ePrev;
        ePrev.Sym.next = e;
        e.next = eNext;
        eNext.Sym.next = eSym;

        e.Sym = eSym;
        e.Onext = e;
        e.Lnext = eSym;
        e.Org = null;
        e.Lface = null;
        e.winding = 0;
        e.activeRegion = null;

        eSym.Sym = e;
        eSym.Onext = eSym;
        eSym.Lnext = e;
        eSym.Org = null;
        eSym.Lface = null;
        eSym.winding = 0;
        eSym.activeRegion = null;

        return e;
    }

/* Splice( a, b ) is best described by the Guibas/Stolfi paper or the
 * CS348a notes (see mesh.h).  Basically it modifies the mesh so that
 * a->Onext and b->Onext are exchanged.  This can have various effects
 * depending on whether a and b belong to different face or vertex rings.
 * For more explanation see __gl_meshSplice() below.
 */
    static void Splice(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge a, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge b) {
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge aOnext = a.Onext;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge bOnext = b.Onext;

        aOnext.Sym.Lnext = b;
        bOnext.Sym.Lnext = a;
        a.Onext = bOnext;
        b.Onext = aOnext;
    }

/* MakeVertex( newVertex, eOrig, vNext ) attaches a new vertex and makes it the
 * origin of all edges in the vertex loop to which eOrig belongs. "vNext" gives
 * a place to insert the new vertex in the global vertex list.  We insert
 * the new vertex *before* vNext so that algorithms which walk the vertex
 * list will not see the newly created vertices.
 */
    static void MakeVertex(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex newVertex,
                           final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eOrig, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex vNext) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex vPrev;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex vNew = newVertex;

        assert (vNew != null);

        /* insert in circular doubly-linked list before vNext */
        vPrev = vNext.prev;
        vNew.prev = vPrev;
        vPrev.next = vNew;
        vNew.next = vNext;
        vNext.prev = vNew;

        vNew.anEdge = eOrig;
        vNew.data = null;
        /* leave coords, s, t undefined */

        /* fix other edges on this vertex loop */
        e = eOrig;
        do {
            e.Org = vNew;
            e = e.Onext;
        } while (e != eOrig);
    }

/* MakeFace( newFace, eOrig, fNext ) attaches a new face and makes it the left
 * face of all edges in the face loop to which eOrig belongs.  "fNext" gives
 * a place to insert the new face in the global face list.  We insert
 * the new face *before* fNext so that algorithms which walk the face
 * list will not see the newly created faces.
 */
    static void MakeFace(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface newFace, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eOrig, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fNext) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fPrev;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fNew = newFace;

        assert (fNew != null);

        /* insert in circular doubly-linked list before fNext */
        fPrev = fNext.prev;
        fNew.prev = fPrev;
        fPrev.next = fNew;
        fNew.next = fNext;
        fNext.prev = fNew;

        fNew.anEdge = eOrig;
        fNew.data = null;
        fNew.trail = null;
        fNew.marked = false;

        /* The new face is marked "inside" if the old one was.  This is a
         * convenience for the common case where a face has been split in two.
         */
        fNew.inside = fNext.inside;

        /* fix other edges on this face loop */
        e = eOrig;
        do {
            e.Lface = fNew;
            e = e.Lnext;
        } while (e != eOrig);
    }

/* KillEdge( eDel ) destroys an edge (the half-edges eDel and eDel->Sym),
 * and removes from the global edge list.
 */
    static void KillEdge(jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eDel) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge ePrev, eNext;

        /* Half-edges are allocated in pairs, see EdgePair above */
        if (!eDel.first) {
            eDel = eDel.Sym;
        }

        /* delete from circular doubly-linked list */
        eNext = eDel.next;
        ePrev = eDel.Sym.next;
        eNext.Sym.next = ePrev;
        ePrev.Sym.next = eNext;
    }


/* KillVertex( vDel ) destroys a vertex and removes it from the global
 * vertex list.  It updates the vertex loop to point to a given new vertex.
 */
    static void KillVertex(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex vDel, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex newOrg) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eStart = vDel.anEdge;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex vPrev, vNext;

        /* change the origin of all affected edges */
        e = eStart;
        do {
            e.Org = newOrg;
            e = e.Onext;
        } while (e != eStart);

        /* delete from circular doubly-linked list */
        vPrev = vDel.prev;
        vNext = vDel.next;
        vNext.prev = vPrev;
        vPrev.next = vNext;
    }

/* KillFace( fDel ) destroys a face and removes it from the global face
 * list.  It updates the face loop to point to a given new face.
 */
    static void KillFace(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fDel, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface newLface) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eStart = fDel.anEdge;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fPrev, fNext;

        /* change the left face of all affected edges */
        e = eStart;
        do {
            e.Lface = newLface;
            e = e.Lnext;
        } while (e != eStart);

        /* delete from circular doubly-linked list */
        fPrev = fDel.prev;
        fNext = fDel.next;
        fNext.prev = fPrev;
        fPrev.next = fNext;
    }


    /****************** Basic Edge Operations **********************/

/* __gl_meshMakeEdge creates one edge, two vertices, and a loop (face).
 * The loop consists of the two new half-edges.
 */
    public static jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge __gl_meshMakeEdge(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh mesh) {
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex newVertex1 = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex();
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex newVertex2 = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex();
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface newFace = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface();
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e;

        e = MakeEdge(mesh.eHead);
        if (e == null) return null;

        MakeVertex(newVertex1, e, mesh.vHead);
        MakeVertex(newVertex2, e.Sym, mesh.vHead);
        MakeFace(newFace, e, mesh.fHead);
        return e;
    }


/* __gl_meshSplice( eOrg, eDst ) is the basic operation for changing the
 * mesh connectivity and topology.  It changes the mesh so that
 *    eOrg->Onext <- OLD( eDst->Onext )
 *    eDst->Onext <- OLD( eOrg->Onext )
 * where OLD(...) means the value before the meshSplice operation.
 *
 * This can have two effects on the vertex structure:
 *  - if eOrg->Org != eDst->Org, the two vertices are merged together
 *  - if eOrg->Org == eDst->Org, the origin is split into two vertices
 * In both cases, eDst->Org is changed and eOrg->Org is untouched.
 *
 * Similarly (and independently) for the face structure,
 *  - if eOrg->Lface == eDst->Lface, one loop is split into two
 *  - if eOrg->Lface != eDst->Lface, two distinct loops are joined into one
 * In both cases, eDst->Lface is changed and eOrg->Lface is unaffected.
 *
 * Some special cases:
 * If eDst == eOrg, the operation has no effect.
 * If eDst == eOrg->Lnext, the new face will have a single edge.
 * If eDst == eOrg->Lprev, the old face will have a single edge.
 * If eDst == eOrg->Onext, the new vertex will have a single edge.
 * If eDst == eOrg->Oprev, the old vertex will have a single edge.
 */
    public static boolean __gl_meshSplice(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eOrg, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eDst) {
        boolean joiningLoops = false;
        boolean joiningVertices = false;

        if (eOrg == eDst) return true;

        if (eDst.Org != eOrg.Org) {
            /* We are merging two disjoint vertices -- destroy eDst->Org */
            joiningVertices = true;
            KillVertex(eDst.Org, eOrg.Org);
        }
        if (eDst.Lface != eOrg.Lface) {
            /* We are connecting two disjoint loops -- destroy eDst.Lface */
            joiningLoops = true;
            KillFace(eDst.Lface, eOrg.Lface);
        }

        /* Change the edge structure */
        Splice(eDst, eOrg);

        if (!joiningVertices) {
            final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex newVertex = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex();

            /* We split one vertex into two -- the new vertex is eDst.Org.
             * Make sure the old vertex points to a valid half-edge.
             */
            MakeVertex(newVertex, eDst, eOrg.Org);
            eOrg.Org.anEdge = eOrg;
        }
        if (!joiningLoops) {
            final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface newFace = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface();

            /* We split one loop into two -- the new loop is eDst.Lface.
             * Make sure the old face points to a valid half-edge.
             */
            MakeFace(newFace, eDst, eOrg.Lface);
            eOrg.Lface.anEdge = eOrg;
        }

        return true;
    }


/* __gl_meshDelete( eDel ) removes the edge eDel.  There are several cases:
 * if (eDel.Lface != eDel.Rface), we join two loops into one; the loop
 * eDel.Lface is deleted.  Otherwise, we are splitting one loop into two;
 * the newly created loop will contain eDel.Dst.  If the deletion of eDel
 * would create isolated vertices, those are deleted as well.
 *
 * This function could be implemented as two calls to __gl_meshSplice
 * plus a few calls to memFree, but this would allocate and delete
 * unnecessary vertices and faces.
 */
    static boolean __gl_meshDelete(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eDel) {
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eDelSym = eDel.Sym;
        boolean joiningLoops = false;

        /* First step: disconnect the origin vertex eDel.Org.  We make all
         * changes to get a consistent mesh in this "intermediate" state.
         */
        if (eDel.Lface != eDel.Sym.Lface) {
            /* We are joining two loops into one -- remove the left face */
            joiningLoops = true;
            KillFace(eDel.Lface, eDel.Sym.Lface);
        }

        if (eDel.Onext == eDel) {
            KillVertex(eDel.Org, null);
        } else {
            /* Make sure that eDel.Org and eDel.Sym.Lface point to valid half-edges */
            eDel.Sym.Lface.anEdge = eDel.Sym.Lnext;
            eDel.Org.anEdge = eDel.Onext;

            Splice(eDel, eDel.Sym.Lnext);
            if (!joiningLoops) {
                final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface newFace = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface();

                /* We are splitting one loop into two -- create a new loop for eDel. */
                MakeFace(newFace, eDel, eDel.Lface);
            }
        }

        /* Claim: the mesh is now in a consistent state, except that eDel.Org
         * may have been deleted.  Now we disconnect eDel.Dst.
         */
        if (eDelSym.Onext == eDelSym) {
            KillVertex(eDelSym.Org, null);
            KillFace(eDelSym.Lface, null);
        } else {
            /* Make sure that eDel.Dst and eDel.Lface point to valid half-edges */
            eDel.Lface.anEdge = eDelSym.Sym.Lnext;
            eDelSym.Org.anEdge = eDelSym.Onext;
            Splice(eDelSym, eDelSym.Sym.Lnext);
        }

        /* Any isolated vertices or faces have already been freed. */
        KillEdge(eDel);

        return true;
    }


    /******************** Other Edge Operations **********************/

/* All these routines can be implemented with the basic edge
 * operations above.  They are provided for convenience and efficiency.
 */


/* __gl_meshAddEdgeVertex( eOrg ) creates a new edge eNew such that
 * eNew == eOrg.Lnext, and eNew.Dst is a newly created vertex.
 * eOrg and eNew will have the same left face.
 */
    static jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge __gl_meshAddEdgeVertex(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eOrg) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eNewSym;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eNew = MakeEdge(eOrg);

        eNewSym = eNew.Sym;

        /* Connect the new edge appropriately */
        Splice(eNew, eOrg.Lnext);

        /* Set the vertex and face information */
        eNew.Org = eOrg.Sym.Org;
        {
            final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex newVertex = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex();

            MakeVertex(newVertex, eNewSym, eNew.Org);
        }
        eNew.Lface = eNewSym.Lface = eOrg.Lface;

        return eNew;
    }


/* __gl_meshSplitEdge( eOrg ) splits eOrg into two edges eOrg and eNew,
 * such that eNew == eOrg.Lnext.  The new vertex is eOrg.Sym.Org == eNew.Org.
 * eOrg and eNew will have the same left face.
 */
    public static jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge __gl_meshSplitEdge(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eOrg) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eNew;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge tempHalfEdge = __gl_meshAddEdgeVertex(eOrg);

        eNew = tempHalfEdge.Sym;

        /* Disconnect eOrg from eOrg.Sym.Org and connect it to eNew.Org */
        Splice(eOrg.Sym, eOrg.Sym.Sym.Lnext);
        Splice(eOrg.Sym, eNew);

        /* Set the vertex and face information */
        eOrg.Sym.Org = eNew.Org;
        eNew.Sym.Org.anEdge = eNew.Sym;    /* may have pointed to eOrg.Sym */
        eNew.Sym.Lface = eOrg.Sym.Lface;
        eNew.winding = eOrg.winding;    /* copy old winding information */
        eNew.Sym.winding = eOrg.Sym.winding;

        return eNew;
    }


/* __gl_meshConnect( eOrg, eDst ) creates a new edge from eOrg.Sym.Org
 * to eDst.Org, and returns the corresponding half-edge eNew.
 * If eOrg.Lface == eDst.Lface, this splits one loop into two,
 * and the newly created loop is eNew.Lface.  Otherwise, two disjoint
 * loops are merged into one, and the loop eDst.Lface is destroyed.
 *
 * If (eOrg == eDst), the new face will have only two edges.
 * If (eOrg.Lnext == eDst), the old face is reduced to a single edge.
 * If (eOrg.Lnext.Lnext == eDst), the old face is reduced to two edges.
 */
    static jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge __gl_meshConnect(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eOrg, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eDst) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eNewSym;
        boolean joiningLoops = false;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eNew = MakeEdge(eOrg);

        eNewSym = eNew.Sym;

        if (eDst.Lface != eOrg.Lface) {
            /* We are connecting two disjoint loops -- destroy eDst.Lface */
            joiningLoops = true;
            KillFace(eDst.Lface, eOrg.Lface);
        }

        /* Connect the new edge appropriately */
        Splice(eNew, eOrg.Lnext);
        Splice(eNewSym, eDst);

        /* Set the vertex and face information */
        eNew.Org = eOrg.Sym.Org;
        eNewSym.Org = eDst.Org;
        eNew.Lface = eNewSym.Lface = eOrg.Lface;

        /* Make sure the old face points to a valid half-edge */
        eOrg.Lface.anEdge = eNewSym;

        if (!joiningLoops) {
            final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface newFace = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface();

            /* We split one loop into two -- the new loop is eNew.Lface */
            MakeFace(newFace, eNew, eOrg.Lface);
        }
        return eNew;
    }


    /******************** Other Operations **********************/

/* __gl_meshZapFace( fZap ) destroys a face and removes it from the
 * global face list.  All edges of fZap will have a null pointer as their
 * left face.  Any edges which also have a null pointer as their right face
 * are deleted entirely (along with any isolated vertices this produces).
 * An entire mesh can be deleted by zapping its faces, one at a time,
 * in any order.  Zapped faces cannot be used in further mesh operations!
 */
    static void __gl_meshZapFace(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fZap) {
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eStart = fZap.anEdge;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e, eNext, eSym;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fPrev, fNext;

        /* walk around face, deleting edges whose right face is also null */
        eNext = eStart.Lnext;
        do {
            e = eNext;
            eNext = e.Lnext;

            e.Lface = null;
            if (e.Sym.Lface == null) {
                /* delete the edge -- see __gl_MeshDelete above */

                if (e.Onext == e) {
                    KillVertex(e.Org, null);
                } else {
                    /* Make sure that e.Org points to a valid half-edge */
                    e.Org.anEdge = e.Onext;
                    Splice(e, e.Sym.Lnext);
                }
                eSym = e.Sym;
                if (eSym.Onext == eSym) {
                    KillVertex(eSym.Org, null);
                } else {
                    /* Make sure that eSym.Org points to a valid half-edge */
                    eSym.Org.anEdge = eSym.Onext;
                    Splice(eSym, eSym.Sym.Lnext);
                }
                KillEdge(e);
            }
        } while (e != eStart);

        /* delete from circular doubly-linked list */
        fPrev = fZap.prev;
        fNext = fZap.next;
        fNext.prev = fPrev;
        fPrev.next = fNext;
    }


/* __gl_meshNewMesh() creates a new mesh with no edges, no vertices,
 * and no loops (what we usually call a "face").
 */
    public static jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh __gl_meshNewMesh() {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex v;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface f;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eSym;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh mesh = new jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh();

        v = mesh.vHead;
        f = mesh.fHead;
        e = mesh.eHead;
        eSym = mesh.eHeadSym;

        v.next = v.prev = v;
        v.anEdge = null;
        v.data = null;

        f.next = f.prev = f;
        f.anEdge = null;
        f.data = null;
        f.trail = null;
        f.marked = false;
        f.inside = false;

        e.next = e;
        e.Sym = eSym;
        e.Onext = null;
        e.Lnext = null;
        e.Org = null;
        e.Lface = null;
        e.winding = 0;
        e.activeRegion = null;

        eSym.next = eSym;
        eSym.Sym = e;
        eSym.Onext = null;
        eSym.Lnext = null;
        eSym.Org = null;
        eSym.Lface = null;
        eSym.winding = 0;
        eSym.activeRegion = null;

        return mesh;
    }


/* __gl_meshUnion( mesh1, mesh2 ) forms the union of all structures in
 * both meshes, and returns the new mesh (the old meshes are destroyed).
 */
    static jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh __gl_meshUnion(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh mesh1, final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh mesh2) {
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface f1 = mesh1.fHead;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex v1 = mesh1.vHead;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e1 = mesh1.eHead;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface f2 = mesh2.fHead;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex v2 = mesh2.vHead;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e2 = mesh2.eHead;

        /* Add the faces, vertices, and edges of mesh2 to those of mesh1 */
        if (f2.next != f2) {
            f1.prev.next = f2.next;
            f2.next.prev = f1.prev;
            f2.prev.next = f1;
            f1.prev = f2.prev;
        }

        if (v2.next != v2) {
            v1.prev.next = v2.next;
            v2.next.prev = v1.prev;
            v2.prev.next = v1;
            v1.prev = v2.prev;
        }

        if (e2.next != e2) {
            e1.Sym.next.Sym.next = e2.next;
            e2.next.Sym.next = e1.Sym.next;
            e2.Sym.next.Sym.next = e1;
            e1.Sym.next = e2.Sym.next;
        }

        return mesh1;
    }


/* __gl_meshDeleteMesh( mesh ) will free all storage for any valid mesh.
 */
    static void __gl_meshDeleteMeshZap(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh mesh) {
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fHead = mesh.fHead;

        while (fHead.next != fHead) {
            __gl_meshZapFace(fHead.next);
        }
        assert (mesh.vHead.next == mesh.vHead);
    }

/* __gl_meshDeleteMesh( mesh ) will free all storage for any valid mesh.
 */
    public static void __gl_meshDeleteMesh(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh mesh) {
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface f, fNext;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex v, vNext;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e, eNext;

        for (f = mesh.fHead.next; f != mesh.fHead; f = fNext) {
            fNext = f.next;
        }

        for (v = mesh.vHead.next; v != mesh.vHead; v = vNext) {
            vNext = v.next;
        }

        for (e = mesh.eHead.next; e != mesh.eHead; e = eNext) {
            /* One call frees both e and e.Sym (see EdgePair above) */
            eNext = e.next;
        }
    }

/* __gl_meshCheckMesh( mesh ) checks a mesh for self-consistency.
 */
    public static void __gl_meshCheckMesh(final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUmesh mesh) {
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface fHead = mesh.fHead;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex vHead = mesh.vHead;
        final jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge eHead = mesh.eHead;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUface f, fPrev;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUvertex v, vPrev;
        jogamp.opengl.glu.tessellator.GLUhalfEdge e, ePrev;

        fPrev = fHead;
        for (fPrev = fHead; (f = fPrev.next) != fHead; fPrev = f) {
            assert (f.prev == fPrev);
            e = f.anEdge;
            do {
                assert (e.Sym != e);
                assert (e.Sym.Sym == e);
                assert (e.Lnext.Onext.Sym == e);
                assert (e.Onext.Sym.Lnext == e);
                assert (e.Lface == f);
                e = e.Lnext;
            } while (e != f.anEdge);
        }
        assert (f.prev == fPrev && f.anEdge == null && f.data == null);

        vPrev = vHead;
        for (vPrev = vHead; (v = vPrev.next) != vHead; vPrev = v) {
            assert (v.prev == vPrev);
            e = v.anEdge;
            do {
                assert (e.Sym != e);
                assert (e.Sym.Sym == e);
                assert (e.Lnext.Onext.Sym == e);
                assert (e.Onext.Sym.Lnext == e);
                assert (e.Org == v);
                e = e.Onext;
            } while (e != v.anEdge);
        }
        assert (v.prev == vPrev && v.anEdge == null && v.data == null);

        ePrev = eHead;
        for (ePrev = eHead; (e = ePrev.next) != eHead; ePrev = e) {
            assert (e.Sym.next == ePrev.Sym);
            assert (e.Sym != e);
            assert (e.Sym.Sym == e);
            assert (e.Org != null);
            assert (e.Sym.Org != null);
            assert (e.Lnext.Onext.Sym == e);
            assert (e.Onext.Sym.Lnext == e);
        }
        assert (e.Sym.next == ePrev.Sym
                && e.Sym == mesh.eHeadSym
                && e.Sym.Sym == e
                && e.Org == null && e.Sym.Org == null
                && e.Lface == null && e.Sym.Lface == null);
    }
}